黄土丘陵区梯田大棚集雨滴灌的水土保持效益分析  

The Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Analysis of Drip Irrigation by Collecting Rainwater of Terraces Greenhouses in Hilly-gully Area of Loess Plateau

作　　者：刘丽[1] 高建恩[1,2,3] 邵辉 娄现勇 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]奎尔夫大学地理系

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第12期1-4,10,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目课题项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成示范"(2011BAD31B05);国家自然科学基金项目"复杂下垫面暴雨径流侵蚀相似性模拟实验研究"(41371276);陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目"治沟造地工程区典型沟道造地关键技术研究与示范"(2013KTDZ03-03-01)

摘　　要：退耕还林及生态环境建设使陕北地区农田面积减少,而水土保持型高效灌溉农业发展迅速。以安塞县马家沟梯田大棚为研究对象,分析了梯田大棚集雨滴灌的水土保持型高效农业用水模式,结果表明:梯田大棚滴灌采用棚面收集雨水存贮在下部水窖,利用不同阶层的梯田落差,结合太阳能及重力等动力,布置大棚膜下作物滴灌系统。设计的水窖容积0.06m3/m2,灌水定额为1 800m3/hm2,灌水次数为12次。系统运行后,可节省灌溉费用2.8元/m2,减少侵蚀6 338t/(km2·a),节省回填费用0.5元/(m2·a),单个梯田大棚农户每年可增加经济收益1 480元。Considering the problems of returning farmland to forest, the reduction of land resources caused by ecological environment construction, and the rapid development of high-efficiency agricultural soil and water conservation, this study analyzes the mode of high-efficiency agricultural water management in terraces greenhouses by designing the water management system in Majiagou watershed in Ansai County, Yan＇an City. The results show that combining different levels of terraces gap with the power of solar energy and gravity can collect rainwater. The cellar volume is 0.06 ms/m^2. The irrigation quota of drip irrigation under plastic film inside the greenhouses is 1 800 m^2/hm^2 and the irrigation frequency is 12 times. The operation of the system can save irrigation cost 2. 8 yuan/m^2, reduce erosion 6 338 t/（km^2 · a）, save the soil backfill cost 0. 5 yuan/（m^2 · a）. A single terraces greenhouse can enhance the economic income by 1 480 yuan a year

关 键 词：梯田大棚 水窖 侵蚀 膜下滴灌 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]