火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Dragon Fruit(Hylocereus undatus Britt) Fusarium Rot Pathogen

作　　者：朱迎迎[1,2] 高兆银[2] 李敏[2] 陈亮[1,2] 胡美姣[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第1期164-171,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201303077-1);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2013hzs1J012;1630062015016)

摘　　要：采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1α序列比对和系统发育树分析的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定,并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明：引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌（Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo）,这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度25~35℃,最适温度30℃,适宜产孢温度25~35℃,最适产孢温度30~35℃,致死温度75℃（10 min）;适宜pH5~9,最适pH7,最适产孢pH4;连续光照、D-果糖为碳源、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮源时最有利于该菌菌丝生长;完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳源、尿素为氮源时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析认为,该菌耐高温,光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。Morphological characteristics observation and rDNA-ITS sequencing and EF-1α sequencing were performed using dragon fruit Fusarium rot pathogens. Furthermore, the paper made a preliminary study of the biological characteristics of pathogen. The results showed that one of the pathogens was identified as Fusarium dirnerum Penzig in Saccardo and it was the first report in China. For mycelial growth of F. dimerum, the suitable temperature ranged from 25℃ to 35 ℃ and the optimum temperature was 30 ℃. For sporulation, the suitable temperature ranged from 25 ℃ to 35℃ and the optimum temperature ranged from 30 ℃ to 35 ℃. The fatal temperature for myeelial growth was 75 ℃ for 10 min. For mycelial growth, the suitable pH value ranged from 5 to 9, and the optimum pH value was 7. The optimum pH value for sporulation was 4. Continuous illumination, D-fructose and beef extract and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources were conducive to mycelial growth; Darkness, galactose and carbamide as carbon and nitrogen sources were propitious to sporulation. It showed that F. dirnerum had excellent heat resistance, and abundant sunlight, weakly acidic, rich in organic nutrition were conducive to the growth and reproduction of F. dirnerum.

关 键 词：火龙果 果腐病 单隔镰刀菌 鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学] S432.4[农业科学—园艺学]