配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响  

Effect of Formulated Fertilization and Postponed Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency,Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Single-cropping Rice

作　　者：李鹏[1] 张敬智[1] 魏亚[1] 常江[1] 郜红建[1] 章力干[1] 丁玉宇 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省怀宁县土肥站,安徽怀宁246100

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2016年第1期85-92,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD20B05)

摘　　要：采用田间试验,研究了常规施肥、配方施肥以及磷肥后移对水稻磷素吸收积累量、利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,配方施肥和磷肥后移使水稻植株内磷素吸收累积量增加,磷肥贡献率、吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力等均显著提高;在相同施磷水平下,与磷肥全部基施处理相比,磷肥后移处理(m基肥∶m追肥=7∶3)使水稻生育后期磷素总累积量和净吸收量提高了6.86%和20.07%,磷肥贡献率、吸收利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和生理利用率提高了36.56%、23.10%、46.16%、7.09%和18.25%,水稻产量和产投比提高了7.09%和7.04%。综合分析,配方施肥尤其是磷肥后移可显著增加水稻生育期磷素吸收累积量,提高水稻磷肥利用效率、产量和产投比,达到增产增效的目的。A field experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of conventional fertilization （CF）, formulated fertilization（FF） and postponed application of phosphorus fertilizer（DAP） on phosphorus accumulation and its utilization efficiency, as well as grain yield and economic benefit in rice. The results showed that the phosphorus absorption and accumulation in rice of phosphorus in FF and DAP were higher than those in CF. And the contribution rate, absorption efficiency, agronomic use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of phosphorus in FF and DAP increased significantly （P〈0.05） compared with CF. Moreover, under the same phosphorus level, the phosphorus accumulation amount and net absorption amount of rice during the later growth period in T3 （basal P： topdressed P = 7 ： 3） were 6.86 % and 20.07 % higher than those in Tz （P used as basal fertilizer）. Meanwhile, the contribution rate, absorption efficiency, agronomic use efficiency, partial fertilizer productivity and physiological efficiency of phosphorus in T3 increased by 36.56%/00, 23.10%, 46.16%, 7.09% and 18.25%, respectively. Compared with T1 , the grain yield and out- put-input ratio also increased by 7.09 % and 7.04 %. The results indicated that FF, especially DAP increased phosphorus absorption and accumulation in rice during the growth duration, as well as the P utilization efficiency, grain yield and output-input ratio, which had a positive effect on increasing production and efficiency.

关 键 词：配方施肥 磷肥后移 水稻 磷肥利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S143.2