入侵植物少花蒺藜草及其伴生植物的光合特性研究  

A comparative study of photosynthetic characteristics of exotic invasive plant Cenchrus pauciflorus and its associated plants

作　　者：王坤芳 彭爽 纪明山[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省草原监理站,辽宁沈阳110161 [3]辽宁省彰武县草原监理站,辽宁彰武123200

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2016年第1期43-48,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省省财政生产专项(2130108)-草原病害毒草害综合防治示范

摘　　要：为探讨少花蒺藜草的入侵机制和制定有效的治理措施,本试验对其入侵地植物群落构成进行了调查。调查地全部植物种类为20种,隶属8科18属。在此基础上,选定了少花蒺藜草及其常见伴生植物马唐和圆叶藜进行了光合特性研究。结果表明:在自然条件下,少花蒺藜草的净光合速率为14.33μmol/(m2·s),明显高于马唐和圆叶藜;少花蒺藜草的光饱和点为1 573.74μmol/(m2·s),均大于马唐的1 321.21μmol/(m2·s)和圆叶藜的1 226.94μmol/(m2·s);在光饱和点下的最大净光合速率为20.39μmol/(m2·s),也显著高于2种伴生植物。有效光合辐射的变化对少花蒺藜草及其伴生植物的气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率均有显著影响。少花蒺藜草具有较高的光合速率和物质积累能力,较高的生产力是其成功入侵的重要因素之一。To explore the invasion mechanism of Cenchrus pauciflorus and to develop effective control measures, this paper investigated the composition of plants in the invaded area. The photosynthetic characteristics of the invasive plant and its main associated plants Digitaria sanguinalis and C. album were determined. Species composition of C. pauciflorus plant communities consisted of 20 species that belong to 18 genera of 8 families. The results showed that the net phosynthetic rate [14.33 μmol/（m^2·s）] of C. pauciflorus under their natural condition was much higher than that of D. sanguinalis and C. album. The light saturation point of C. pauciflorus was 1 573.74 μmol/（m^2·s）, which was higher than its associated plants D. sanguinalis [1 321.21 μmol/（m^2·s）] and C. album [1 226.94 μmol/（m^2·s）]. The maximum net photosynthetic rate [20.39 μmol/（m^2·s）] of C. pauciflorus under the light saturation point was also much higher than its two associates plants. The variation of photosynthetically active radiation had significantly affected the stomatal conductance, tran- spiration rate and water use efficiency of the three plants. C. pauciflorus had higher photo- synthetic rate and material accumulation capability, and its high productivity could be one of the important factors for its successful invasion.

关 键 词：生物入侵 少花蒺藜草 群落组成 伴生植物 光合特性 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]