巴黎协定——全球气候治理的新起点  

Paris Agreement:A New Start for Global Governance on Climate

作　　者：巢清尘[1] 张永香[1] 高翔[2] 王谋[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所,北京100038 [3]中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2016年第1期61-67,共7页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题(2012BAC20B05);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(构建公平合理的国际气候治理体系研究)

摘　　要：巴黎气候变化大会完成了历时4年的德班平台谈判进程,达成了以《巴黎协定》(简称《协定》)为核心的一系列决定。《协定》确立了一种全缔约方参与,以"自主贡献+审评"为中心,全面涉及减缓、适应及其支持的全球应对气候变化新模式。这一模式在继承《公约》原则的基础上,明确了发达国家和发展中国家各自的责任,通过国家自主贡献的方式充分动员所有缔约方采取应对气候变化行动,促进可持续发展。《协定》还鼓励除缔约方外的其他主体积极参与应对气候变化进程,鼓励市场和非市场机制的加入,动员资金流向绿色低碳领域。在制度安排上,《协定》体现了激励、透明、非对抗、非惩罚性的特点。《协定》的达成标志着全球气候治理进入了新的发展阶段,传递出全球推动实现绿色低碳、气候适应型和可持续发展的强有力信号。然而由于《协定》全面平衡了各方的利益,在未来的遵约细节和实施落实方面将会有更多的难题,如果处理不当,将可能会损害发展中国家的利益,尤其是发展中大国。Four-years negotiation of Durban Platform for Enhanced Action has accomplished in Paris Climate Conference and the Paris Agreement （the Agreement） has been adopted by the 21 Conference of the Parties with a series of decisions. The Agreement establishes a new mode of global governance on climate change with all parties participating, self-contribution plus review and including all elements （mitigation, adaptation and means of support）. This mode based on the principles of the Convention, employs the differentiation of developed and developing countries and mobilizes all parties involving the addressing climate change actions by the National Determined Contributions, promote sustainable development. The Agreement also encourages others beside Parties to participate the process on addressing climate change, facilitates the market and non-market mechanisms, and mobilizes green climate finance on low carbon fields. The Agreement is an incentive, transparent, non-confrontational, non-punitive mode for institutional arrangements. The adoption of the Agreement indicates that the global climate governance is entering a new stage by passing out the strong signal of the global efforts on the green and low-carbon goal, climate- adapted and sustainable development. However, since the Agreement has balanced the interests of all parties in a comprehensive manner, there will be a lot of difficulties and barrier on the compliance details, the implementations in future. The interests of the developing countries, particularly large developing countries probably will be sacrificed if there is any impropriety on the future implementation of the Agreement.

关 键 词：巴黎协定 全球治理 气候变化 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]