适应气候变化研究中的常见术语辨析  

Discrimination of Adaptation Terminology to Climate Change

作　　者：居辉[1,2] 秦晓晨[1] 李翔翔[1] 孙茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2016年第1期68-73,共6页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家973计划课题(2012CB955904);国家自然科学基金项目(31171452)

摘　　要：适应气候变化在国际公约谈判及国内适应实践中成为重要的关注内容,明晰适应相关的术语含义具有科学参考价值和实践指导意义。本文通过比较适应相关术语认为,适应是行为方式或对策措施的界定,可不需量化数据支持;适应能力需有明确评价指标体系,并最终产生量化性评价结果;适应性更偏重于能力属性,其基本结论是有或无、强或弱的判断,在适应性有量化结论支持或明确强弱确定时则等同于适应能力。脆弱性评价中,暴露度体现主体对象与气候变化相关的基本处境概况,敏感性表明气候变化对主体对象的影响,适应能力则是经济资本、自然资源、技术水平、社会保障四大要素的综合评价,各要素涵盖的具体指标需要酌情依据适应主体属性予以判别和遴选。适应气候变化与灾害风险管理在主体范畴、驱动因子、行动目的上有所区别,但两者共同关注提高对气候变化/气候灾害风险的抵御、承受、恢复能力,以降低不利影响,实现可持续发展为共同目标。To adapt to climate change becomes important issue both for the international negotiation and domestic practical adaptation. Clarified relevant terms related with adaptation have positive roles for related scientific research and adaptive actions. The paper identify adaptation is a definition of behavior or measures, no necessarily need for quantitative results; adaptive capacity has clear evaluation index system, and eventually produce quantitative assessment results; Adaptability focus on ability property, its basic conclusion is with or without, strong or weak. The adaptability backed by the quantitative conclusion or determined specific strength is equivalent to adaptive capacity. For the vulnerability assessment, exposure reflects the basic situation of the main object associated with climate change, sensitivity shows the effects of climate change on the subject object, adaptive capacity is the combination of economic capital, natural resources, technical ability and social security, all the four elements involve specific indicators that need take into consideration and selection according to the subject property. Disaster risk management and adaptation to climate change have several differences within the main category, driving factors, the purpose of the action, but both focus on improving the resilience on climate change/climate disasters and enhancing the ability to prevent, bear and restore from adverse effects.

关 键 词：适应 敏感性 脆弱性 复原力 风险管理 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]