燃煤电厂周边地区积尘重金属污染特征与健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust surrounding a coal-fired power plant

作　　者：陈耿[1] 刘军[1] 杨立辉[1] 柯钊跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省环境监测中心,广东广州510308

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期107-113,共7页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：广东省环保专项资金资助项目(2110399)

摘　　要：对广东某燃煤电厂周边地区的民宅积尘和土壤中重金属含量进行测定,分析重金属的污染特征和分布规律,并应用美国EPA健康风险评价模型对积尘重金属进行健康风险评价。结果表明,研究区域积尘重金属污染较重,含量表现为Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Cd>Hg,均不同程度高于土壤中的含量。积尘中Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu受到的人为污染较明显,主要为工业源和交通源影响;As、Hg、Mn受到的人为污染不明显。积尘重金属的空间分布受电厂排放烟尘的影响明显,内梅罗指数与当地风向风频有明显相关性,并随着与电厂距离的增加而减小;积尘中Pb、Zn、Hg含量呈现随着与电厂距离增加而减小的趋势。研究区域儿童潜在的健康风险明显高于成人,不同元素非致癌风险排序为Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd,致癌风险排序为As>Cr>Pb>Cd。Pb对儿童存在非致癌风险,需要引起重视;其它元素对儿童的非致癌风险较小,成人的非致癌风险可忽略。各元素的致癌风险均在可接受范围,不会对儿童和成人造成致癌危害。The aim of this work was to measure the concentrations of heavy metals in house dust and soil samples as well as study the characteristics and distribution of heavy metal pollution in the surrounding area of coal-fired power plant in Guangdong Province. The risk assessment of heavy metals in dust was also carried out using US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. The results revealed that the order of concentrations of metals was Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cr 〉 As 〉 Cd 〉 Hg. The heavy metal pollution levels of dust were relatively high, which were higher than those in soil to varying degrees. The pollution of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in dust was likely to be anthropogenic, mainly due to industrial and traffic sources. However, the pollution of As, Hg and Mn in dust was not obviously anthropogenic. Spatial distribution of heavy metal in dust was clearly affected by soot emissions of power plant. Nemerow Indexes were significantly correlated with local wind direction and frequency, decreased with incremental distance from the power plant. It is evident that the concentrations of Pb, Zn and Hg also decreased with incremental distance from the power plant. Potential health risk for children was significantly higher than for adults. The noncancer risk of metals was Pb 〉 Mn 〉 Cr 〉 As 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd, while the carcinogen risk of metals was As 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 Cd. In particular, the non-cancer risk of Pb for children was high, which required more attention. The non-cancer risks of other metals for children were low. Non-cancer risks for adults were ignorable. Carcinogen risks of metals were in an acceptable range, indicating no carcinogenic hazard to children and adults.

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 积尘 重金属 污染特征 健康风险 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]