古典进化论中的“昆虫社会”之人类学考察  

The Anthropological Study of “Insect Society”in Evolutionism

作　　者：卞全琴 张原[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学社会学学院 [2]西南民族大学西南民族研究院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2015年第6期18-22,99-100,共7页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金"藏彝走廊自然灾害及其应对经验的人类学研究"(项目编号:13xsh030)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在古典进化论的理论发展中,"昆虫社会"的研究是一个被广泛而深入讨论的议题。诸如达尔文、赫胥黎、巴霍芬、柏格森等著名学者均从不同角度对此问题展开了富有启发的研讨,并衍生出关于社会分工、道德伦理、母权社会和创造进化等一系列富有启发性的学理思考。对于我们理解当时人文学科的社会理论建构而言,厘清古典进化论中的"昆虫社会"研究极为必要和关键。Evolutionism is the first discipline paradigm in the history of anthropology. As early as1801,Jean-Baptiste Lamarck,a French naturalist clearly put forward the notion of evolution. However,it was not until C. R. Darwin published his book The Origin of Species in 1859,that the theory of evolution became widely regarded by the world. In addition to the field of biology,evolutionism also broadly and deeply influenced the fields of anthropology,philosophy and psychology,etc. In the study of evolutionism,a comparative investigation between insect society and human society has attracted the special interest of many scholars. In addition to Charles Robert Darwin,Aldous Leonard Huxley,Joham Jakob Bochofen and Henri Bergson published special works on this aspect. These scholars not only lived during the era of evolutionism,their thinking and research were more or less connected with evolutionism and insect society. Their research spawned a series of new theoretical thinking on the division of labor,ethics and morality,matrilineal society,and the creation of evolution,etc. Clarifying the research on ＂insect society＂in evolutionism is necessary and important for us to understand the construction of social theories during that time. Hence,this article seeks to review＂insect society＂in the eyes of these scholars and make comparisons among them.1. C. R. Darwin Darwin’s most significant book is The Origin of Species. In this book,the study of bees and ants mainly focuses on the discussion of ＂instinct＂. The first place in this book which involves the study of bees was a discussion on whether or not is variation of instinct. The second place which involves thestudy of bees and ants is in a discussion of ＂special biological instinct ＂. All discussion on insect society is based on the theory that social division is the cause of the development of instinct. Of course,Darwin’s research on insect society mainly focused on the question of biological evolution. In other words,he only made a comparison between insect

关 键 词：进化论 昆虫社会 古典进化论 达尔文、赫胥黎、巴霍芬、柏格森 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]