受血者不规则抗体筛查的临床意义  

Clinical significance of irregular antibody screening of blood recipients

作　　者：赵晓明[1] 杨冀[1] 胡靓[1] 吴文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属东方医院南院检验科,上海200120

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2015年第A01期159-161,共3页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

摘　　要：目的分析本院输血患者血型不规则抗体的检出情况，探讨输血前对不规则抗体进行筛查的重要性和临床意义，预防溶血性输血反应的发生。方法用微柱凝胶法对该院2014年5月至2015年4月期间2897例手术备血或需要输血治疗的患者进行不规则抗体的筛查。结果2897例申请输血的患者抗筛阳性者有16例，阳性率为0．5％。男性不规则抗体的检出率低于女性（P〈0．01）。妇产科、胃肠科不规则抗体检出阳性率明显高于其他科室。对不规则抗体检测发现，以Rh血型系统为最多，其次为MNS血型系统。对抗体阳性患者进行交叉配血实验，以对应抗原阴性血液进行输注治疗，未发现有溶血性输血反应病例。结论当进行临床输血前的检查时，应当特别注重不规则抗体的筛选，对这些患者输注相应抗原阴性的匹配血液进行治疗，从而尽可能地减少或避免溶血性输血反应的发生以减少输血风险，保障临床用血的安全性。Objective To identify plasma irregular antibodies in transfusion patients, analyze the importance and clinical meanings of irregular antibodies,so as to prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction. Methods Microcolumn gel technique was applied to screening irregular antibodies in 2 897 patients who prepared blood transfusion during the operation or need blood transfusion for trentment from May 2014 to April 2015. Results 16 cases were irregular antibody positive in 2 897 patients who applied for blood transfusion, the positive rate was 0. 5~,in which female were more than male, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Gastrointestinal were more than other clini- cal departments. Of the irregular antibodies, we found Rh system antibody was predominant, followed by MNS system antibody. No hemolytic transfusion reaction occurred in patients with isoantibody after infusion of blood with corre- sponding antigen negative. Conclusion The irregular antibody screening should be performed before blood transfusion and blood without corresponding antigen will be selected for transfusion, so as to decrease or avoid hemolytic transfusion reaction, and ensure safe and effective blood transfusion.

关 键 词：不规则抗体 交叉配血 溶血现象 输血 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学]