中国港口入境船舶压舱水输入总量估算模型  

Estimation model for entry ships' ballast water input at Chinese ports

作　　者：张小芳[1] 杜还 张芝涛[1,2] 刘开颖[2] 周新颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学轮机工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学环境工程研究所,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2016年第1期123-129,共7页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305027);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61427804);辽宁省教育厅资助项目(L2012175)

摘　　要：外来海洋有害生物入侵性传播已成为海洋生态环境面临的四大威胁之一,船舶压舱水是造成外来海洋有害生物入侵性传播的最主要途径。本文基于国家交通运输部和国家海关总署公开发布的外贸航运及商品进出口信息,分析了全国规模以上港口外贸货物装载量与入境船舶压舱水输入量的相关性,依此建立了中国港口入境船舶压舱水输入总量估算模型。结果表明:经由全球各港口输入到我国的入境船舶压舱水年排放量已超过2.67亿t,对我国港口海域的生态环境构成了巨大的威胁。本文不仅为外来海洋生物入侵风险评估和风险区划提供了背景信息估算方法,同时也为我国外来海洋生物入侵风险管理提供了重要依据。The introduction of invasive harmful marine species into new environments has been identified as one of the four greatest threats to the global ocean ecosystems. The ship ballast water is the main way for the transfer of aquatic invasive organisms. In this paper,the relationship between the foreign trade cargo loading capacity of all above scale ports and ballast water input of entry ships was analyzed, based on the information of foreign trade and the import and export of goods published by the State Department of Transportation and the State General Administration of Customs. Moreover,an estimation model for entry ship＇s ballast water input at Chinese ports was established. Results show that more than 267 million tons of entry ship＇s ballast water from the other global ports was discharged at Chinese ports per year. It is a huge threat to the ecological environment of Chinese ports area. This research provides both a background information estimation method and basis for the risk assessment, management and zonation of the non-indigenous marine organism invasion in China.

关 键 词：压舱水 估算模型 压舱水输入量 海洋外来生物入侵 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]