海水鱼类亲体必需脂肪酸营养的研究进展  

Research progress of essential fatty acids nutrition in marine fish broodstock

作　　者：彭士明[1] 李云莉[1,2] 施兆鸿[1] 高权新[1] 张晨捷[1] 王建钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2016年第1期98-106,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31202009);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字2013-2-1);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(东2014Z02-2)

摘　　要：脂肪酸营养特别是其中的必需脂肪酸在海水鱼类生殖调控方面具有重要的生理作用。饲料中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)以及花生四烯酸(ARA)含量在调控海水鱼类性腺发育、排卵、孵化率及仔鱼质量等方面作用显著。本文主要从必需脂肪酸需求量、对繁殖性能影响、对机体脂肪酸存储影响及对内分泌调控作用4个方面归纳总结了海水鱼类亲体脂肪酸营养的研究概况,并重点分析探讨了在内分泌调控方面的研究进展,同时对后续的研究重点提出了一些建议。Fatty acids, especially essential fatty acids, play an important role in the regulation of reproductive performance in marine fish. The importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （ LC-PUFA）, especially 22：6n-3 （DHA）, 20：5n-3 （EPA） and 20：4n-6 （ARA）, in broodstock nutrition has attracted attention in the last two decades. It has been well documented that dietary essential fatty acid is a nutritional factor that greatly affects spawning performance, egg and larval quality of fish. Lipids are utilized as energy sources throughout embryogenesis, and particularly in the later stages of development prior to hatching. EPA and DHA are the major fatty acids in the total lipid of eggs of most fish and these fatty acids markedly influence the reproductive parameters. DHA, especially abundant in retina and brain, has a particularly important role in maintaining the structure and function of the cell membranes of these tissues. In addition, as a major fatty acid in phosphatidylinositol and precursor of prostaglandin, ARA stimulates ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis and is assumed to be involved in embryonic development of the immune system, hatching and early larval performance. Reported studies on essential fatty acids in marine fish broodstock mainly cover four fields： （1） Requirements. Fat provides energy and essential fatty acids for the growth of marine fishes and play critical roles in marine fish nutrition, n-3 LC-PUFA are essential fatty acids. It is typically recognized that marine fishes have a limited ability to convert shorter chain and less unsaturated fatty acids into n-3 LC- PUFA. Therefore, adequate amounts of n-3 LC-PUFA must be supplied through the diet to ensure normal growth and development. Studies on some marine fish species have shown that different fishes require different levels of n-3 LC-PUFA, and also extremely high or low levels of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA are not conducive to the normal growth and development. Hence, the provision of appropriate amounts of die

关 键 词：必需脂肪酸 海水鱼类 亲体 研究进展 展望 

分 类 号：S968.1[农业科学—水产养殖]