基于生命周期评价的多晶硅片环境影响研究  

Research on Environmental Impacts of Multi-silicon Wafer Based on Life Cycle Assessment

作　　者：谢明辉[1] 阮久莉[1] 乔琦[1] 李海玲[2] 王文静[2] 吕芳 张嘉 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [3]中国可再生能源学会光伏专业委员会,北京100190

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2016年第1期72-77,共6页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201209056)

摘　　要：选用我国终点破坏类影响评价模型(Chinese endpoint damage model,CEDM),采用生命周期评价(LCA)法研究了我国多晶硅片生命周期环境影响。通过座谈和问卷调研的方式,获得多晶硅片生命周期能量物质的输入输出和环境外排数据。结果表明:从环境影响的最终破坏受体来看,我国多晶硅片生命周期环境影响主要集中在对人体健康的损害方面,占70.21%;其次是对资源衰竭方面的影响,占26.22%;而对生态系统的损害最小,仅占3.57%。从各环境要素来看,由多晶硅原料带来的环境影响是所有环境要素中最高的,占70.83%;其次是电耗和砂浆液,分别占19.44%和7.62%;生产过程污染物排放对环境的影响仅占0.07%。降低多晶硅片环境影响应首先考虑减少原料消耗;其次考虑节能和废砂浆循环利用。我国多晶硅片环境影响略高于欧洲平均水平,主要是由原料端(高纯多晶硅)差异导致。The life cycle assessment（ LCA） approach was used to examine the environmental impacts in the life cycle of multi-silicon wafer,based on Chinese Endpoint Damage Model（CEDM）. The data for the mass,energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from site investigations and questionnaires. It showed that from the end-point of environmental impacts,the damage to human health presented the largest contribution to life cycle environmental impacts of multi-silicon wafer,which accounted for 70. 21% of the total environmental impacts.However,the damage to depletion of resources and ecosystem quality was 26. 22% and 3. 51%,respectively. From the point of environmental factors,solar-grade poly-silicon consumption was the highest of all,accounting for 70. 83%,followed by electric power consumption,silicon carbide and polyethylene glycol consumption,accounted for 19. 44% and 7. 62%,respectively. The environmental impacts of emission from cut process only accounted for 0. 07% of whole life cycle environmental impacts. The first measure to reduce environmental impacts should bedecrease in raw material consumption,and secondly reduction in energy saving and waste recycling. Compared with the average level in Europe,the environmental impacts in China were slightly higher,which was caused by raw material（ solar-grade poly-silicon）.

关 键 词：多晶硅片 生命周期评价(LCA) 环境影响 太阳能级多晶硅 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]