家燕和金腰燕的卵胚胎心率比较  

Comparison of Embryonic Heart Rate between Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica) and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica)

作　　者：陈敏[1] 王龙舞[1,2] 马建华 杨灿朝[1] 梁伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生命科学学院,热带动植物生态学省部共建教育部重点实验室,海口571158 [2]武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430072 [3]黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161002

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第1期39-44,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31272328,31472013);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(No.NCET-13-0761)

摘　　要：胚胎心率是衡量胚胎新陈代谢速率的重要指标。鸟类的胚胎心率随新陈代谢的增加而呈上升趋势。对早成性鸟类的种间比较发现,胚胎心率平均值随卵重量的增大而减小,卵体积小的种类具有相对较高的胚胎心率。国内有关野生鸟类胚胎心率的研究较少。2014年5~8月,在黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,利用红外胚胎心率测量仪对两种近缘鸟类家燕（Hirundo rustica,n=14）和金腰燕（Cecropis daurica,n=14）的卵胚胎心率及其变化进行了测量与比较。两种燕均在孵卵的第2天开始出现胚胎心率,并随胚龄增加心率呈上升趋势,但在第8天及第11~14天家燕的胚胎心率显著低于金腰燕（第8天：z=﹣2.602,P=0.009;第11天：z=﹣2.497,P=0.013;第12天：z=﹣2.354,P=0.019;第13天：z=3.424,P=0.001;第14天：z=﹣3.380,P=0.001）。家燕卵胚胎日均增长心率（19.0±3.1）次/min,金腰燕卵胚胎日均增长心率（16.1±3.4）次/min,二者差异不显著（z=﹣1.792,P=0.073）。两种燕的胚胎心率与卵容量和卵重均不存在显著相关性[家燕：卵容量（1.73±0.09）cm3,r=0.192,P=0.511;卵重（1.74±0.09）g,r=0.128,P=0.663。金腰燕：卵容量（1.74±0.08）cm3,r=0.040,P=0.891;卵重（1.51±0.09）g,r=0.054,P=0.855]。这可能表明,卵大小和卵重量对家燕与金腰燕的胚胎心率均影响不明显。Embryonic heart rate is an important life history trait in birds. However, so far little related work has been done in China. To investigate the embryonic heart rate variation trend and its correlation to egg size（volume, mass and mass loss） will provide useful knowledge. During the breeding season from May to August in 2014, embryonic heart rate of barn swallow（Hirundo rustica）（n = 14） and red-rumped swallow（Cecropis daurica）（n = 14） in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang, Northeastern China, were measured and compared using the buddy digital egg monitor. Major and minor axis, and mass of these eggs were also mearsued and recorded for calculation of egg volume and egg mass loss. The results showed that embryonic heart rate of both swallows increased with incubation days in general. Embryonic heart rate of the barn swallow was significantly lower than that of the red-rumped swallow at Day 8（Mann-Whitney U Test, z=﹣2.602, P = 0.009） and Day 11 to14（Day 11： z =﹣2.497, P = 0.013; Day 12： z =﹣2.354, P = 0.019; Day 13： z = 3.424, P = 0.001; Day 14： z =﹣3.380, P = 0.001）（Table 1）. However, there was no difference in daily growth of embryonic heart rate between barn swallow and red-rumped swallow（barn swallow： 19.0 ± 3.1 beats/min, red-rumped swallow： 16.1 ± 3.4 beats/min, z =﹣1.792, P = 0.073）. In addition, there was also no correlation between daily growth of embryonic heart rate and egg volume, or egg mass in both species（barn swallow, egg volume： 1.73 ± 0.09 cm3, linear regression, r = 0.192,P = 0.511; egg mass： 1.74 ± 0.09 g, r = 0.128, P = 0.663; red-rumped swallow, egg volume： 1.74 ± 0.08 cm3, r = 0.040, P = 0.891; egg mass： 1.51 ± 0.09 g, r = 0.054, P = 0.855）（Fig. 1）. This study indicated that egg mass and egg volume have little effect on daily growth of embryonic heart rate for the two swallow species.

关 键 词：胚胎心率 家燕 金腰燕 扎龙 

分 类 号：Q493[生物学—生理学]