覆膜开孔条件下植物混掺对土壤蒸发的影响  

Evaporation from soil with plant additive under perforated plastic mulch conditions

作　　者：郑健[1,2] 王燕[2] 王笑宇[1,2] 任倩慧[1,2] 李志军[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学西部能源与环境研究中心,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [3]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第1期1-6,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369014);甘肃省教育厅科研项目(2013A-038);兰州理工大学红柳青年教师培养计划(Q201413)

摘　　要：为探讨覆膜开孔条件下植物混掺对土壤蒸发规律的影响,测定了不同植物混掺物(玉米叶和玉米芯)、土壤容重(1.35 g·cm^(^(-3))和1.40 g·cm^(^(-3)))、膜孔直径(2、4 cm和6 cm)在植物混掺比例为1%时的土壤水分扩散率、土壤水分特征曲线和土壤累计蒸发量。结果表明:相同土壤容重条件下的土壤水分扩散率呈现1%玉米芯>纯土>1%玉米叶;纯土及同种植物混掺物相同混掺比例处理中,土壤水分扩散率均表现为土壤容重1.35 g·cm^(^(-3))处理高于1.40 g·cm^(^(-3))处理;低吸力阶段,各处理土壤含水率下降较快,土壤水分特征曲线较陡,随土壤水吸力逐渐增大,曲线呈现变缓趋势;在相同土壤水吸力下,各添加植物混掺物处理的土壤含水率均高于纯土处理;不同土壤容重的土壤累计蒸发量呈现1%玉米芯>1%玉米叶>纯土;各处理土壤累计蒸发量随膜孔直径变化呈现出6 cm>4 cm>2 cm的规律;相同膜孔直径条件下,各处理土壤累计蒸发量均表现为土壤容重为1.40 g·cm^(^(-3))的处理高于1.35 g·cm^(^(-3))处理。To explore characteristics of evaporation from soil with plant additive under perforated plastic mulch conditions, this paper carried out research on soil water diffusivity, soil-water characteristic curve and soil accumulative evaporation of soil with 1% plant additive under different conditions. The treatments included different plant additives, soil bulk density and perforated diameters. Two plant additives including maize cobs and maize leaves with a soil bulk density of 1.35 g·cm^-3 and 1.40 g·cm^-3 were considered. Meanwhile, three hole diameters on the plastic mulches were also investigated in this study. The results showed that soil water diffusivity in soil followed the following law： 1% maize cob additive 〉 pure soil 〉 soil with 1% maize leaf additive. For both treatments by pure soil and soil with the same plant additive, the soil water diffusivity with 1.35 g·cm^-3 soil bulk density were higher than that with 1.40 g·cm^-3 density. During low suction stage, soil water content was decreased rapidly, and the soil-water characteristic curve showed a steep trend. With the increase of soil water suction, soil-water characteristic curve was slowing down gradually. Under the same soil water suction condition, soil water content with all treatments containing plant additive was higher than that with pure soil. The accumulative evaporation in different soil bulk densities displayed the following trend： soil with 1% maize cob additive 〉 1% maize leaf additive 〉 pure soil, and it also presented the following trend in different hole diameters on the plastic mulches as 6 cm 〉 4 cm 〉 2 cm. In all treatments, soil accumulative evaporation in 1.40 g·cm^-3 soil bulk density was higher than that in 1.35 g·cm^-3.

关 键 词：植物混掺物 膜孔直径 土壤水分扩散率 土壤水分特征曲线 累计蒸发量 

分 类 号：S152.73[农业科学—土壤学]