滴灌量对北疆复播大豆生长、生理特征和产量的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation on the growth,physiological characteristics and yield of summer soybean in North Xinjiang

作　　者：彭姜龙[1] 张永强[1] 王娜 李亚杰[1] 李大平[1] 苏丽丽[1] 胡春辉[1] 徐文修[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆伊犁伊宁县农业技术推广中心,新疆伊犁835100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第1期55-60,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201103001);国家自然基金项目(31260312)

摘　　要：在大田滴灌条件下,通过设置W_1(3 000 m3·hm^(^(-2)))、W_2(3 600 m3·hm^(^(-2)))、W_3(4 200 m3·hm^(-2))、W_4(4 800 m3·hm^(-2))4个灌溉量处理,研究了滴灌量对复播大豆叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、光合速率、蒸腾速率等光合参数、干物质积累及产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,复播大豆的LAI、SPAD值在整个生育期内均表现为W_3>W_4>W_2>W_1。从开花期至鼓粒期,叶片的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均随着滴灌量的增加呈现"先增后降",但叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化却"先降后增"。全生育期单株干物质呈"S"形变化趋势;干物质最大积累速率(Vm)、快增期的持续时间(Δt)及干物质总量均以W_3处理最高。产量以W_3处理最高,为3 741.23 kg·hm^(-2),较W_1、W_2和W_4处理分别高出30.42%、13.98%和8.44%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。灌溉水利用效率(IW_UE)在W_1、W_2、W_33个灌溉处理之间差异不显著,但均显著高于W_4处理。在本试验条件下,北疆复播大豆的最适滴灌量为4 200 m3·hm^(-2)。A field experiment was conducted in a summer soybean field of North Xinjiang with four drip irrigation conditions including W1（3 000 m^3·hm^-2）, W2（3 600 m^3·hm^-2）, W3（4 200m^3·hm^-2）, and W4（4 800m^3·hm^-2） for investigations of leaf area index （LAI）, leaf SPAD, net photosynthesis rate（Pn）, transpiration rate（Tr）, dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency （WUE）. The results showed that both LAI and SPAD with different irrigations during the whole growth stage were in following order： W3 〉 W4 〉 W2 〉 W1. From flowering stage to graining stage, with the increase of irrigation, Pn, Tr and Gs were increased firstly, and then became decreased, whereas intercellular CO2 concentration （ Ci ） exhibited an opposite pattern. Dry matter accumulation showed an ＂S＂ curve. The duration of dry matter rapid accumulation （△t）, the maximum increase rate of dry matter （Vm） and the total dry matter accumulation were highest under W3. Also, the highest yield of 3 741.23 kg·hm^-2 was under W3, which was 30.42%, 13.98% and 8.44 % higher than that that under W1, W2 and W4 （ P 〈 0.05）, respectively. W1, W2 and W3 treatments resulted in no significant differences in WUE, which though was higher than W4. It was believed that the suitable drip irrigation quota was 4 200 m^3·hm^-2 for summer soybean in North Xinjiang.

关 键 词：滴灌量 复播大豆 光合特性 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]