不同栽培模式下甜菜和籽粒苋对次生盐渍化土壤的抑盐效应  

Effect of Beta vulgaris and Amaranthus hypochondriacus on secondary salinization soil under different cultivation patterns

作　　者：代立兰 张怀山[2] 夏曾润[3] 王平 王国宇 杨世柱[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所农业部兰州黄土高原生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,甘肃兰州730050 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第1期257-263,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省农业科技创新项目(GNCX-2013-58);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(1610322014015)

摘　　要：针对甘肃省秦王川引大灌区的土壤次生盐渍化愈发严重的农业和生态问题,以露地平播为对照(CK),研究了垄沟露地(R)、垄沟覆膜(R+P)两种栽培模式下耐盐作物甜菜和籽粒苋对该地区次生盐渍化土壤的p H值、盐分离子(Na^+、Ca^(2+)、Cl^-、SO_4^(2-))含量和电导率(EC)及植物电导率、成苗率和产量的影响。结果表明,种植耐盐作物对次生盐渍化土壤的脱盐改良效应十分明显,配合R、R+P的栽培模式效果更加显著;R+P模式下耕种一季作物后,与CK相比,种植甜菜和籽粒苋的土壤盐分离子浓度分别下降4.8%~7.4%和4.7%~6.5%,土壤电导率分别下降16.7%~28.6%和12.8%~30.9%,甜菜和籽粒苋叶片电导率分别下降22.9%和14.9%;R+P模式下籽粒苋成苗率显著提高,但栽培模式对两种作物的产量无显著影响。To address the agricultural and ecological problems that are becoming more severe, secondary salinization of soil in Qinwangchuan irrigated area, Gansu Province, was selected to investigate the effects of B. vulgaris and A. hypochondriacus on pH value, salt ion （ Na^ ＋ , Ca^2 ＋ , Cl^-, SO4^2- ） contents, electronic conductivity （EC） of soil, seedling rate, EC and yield of crops. In this research, three cultivation patterns were used, including fiat sowing without mulch （CK）, ridge sowing without mulch （R） and ridge sowing with plastic mulch （R ＋ P）. The result indicated that significant effects of salt - tolerant crop on desalination improvement of soil were discovered, especially under the R ＋ P and R cultivation patterns. Under R ＋ P pattern, after harvesting B. vulgaris and A. hypochondriacus, soil salt ion concentration was decreased by 4.8 % - 7.4 %, and 4.7 % - 6.5 %, respectively, and EC of soil was significantly decreased by 16.7 % - 28.6 % and 12.8 % - 30.9 % from CK, respectively. Under R ＋ P cultivation pattem, the leaf EC of B. vulgaris and A. hypochondriacus became significantly decreased by 22.9% and 14.9%, respectively. The successful seedling rate was significantly enhanced for A. hypochondriacus. However, cultivation patterns were found to have no influence on the yield of both crops.

关 键 词：栽培模式 甜菜 籽粒苋 次生盐渍化土壤 抑盐效应 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]