供磷水平对铁核桃实生苗生长、形态特征及叶片营养元素含量的影响  

Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Growth, Morphological Characteristics and Leaf Element Contents of Juglans sigillata Dode Seedlings

作　　者：臧成凤 樊卫国[1] 潘学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学喀斯特山地果树资源研究所/贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第2期319-330,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD23B03);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合NY字2007-3038)

摘　　要：【目的】探索不同供磷水平对铁核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)实生苗生长、形态特征及营养元素吸收的影响,为幼龄铁核桃栽培的磷养分管理提供科学依据。【方法】以当年生铁核桃实生苗为材料,以变质岩母质发育的酸性黄壤为培养土,采用土培的方法研究不同供磷水平(有效磷含量分别为5、25、45、65、85、105和125 mg·kg^(-1))对铁核桃实生苗植株生长状况、生物量、根冠比、根系形态特性指标和叶片营养元素含量的影响。【结果】土壤有效磷含量低于或高于45 mg·kg^(-1)处理的植株总生物量和地上部及根系生物量明显减少。45 mg·kg^(-1)磷水平处理的铁核桃实生苗整株鲜重和干重达到最大,分别为183.07 g/株和109.84 g/株,其根系发育最好;125 mg·kg^(-1)磷水平处理的整株鲜重和干重最小,分别只有66.93 g/株和40.16 g/株,根系发育最差。磷水平高于45 mg·kg^(-1)后,随磷水平的增加对植株生长的抑制作用明显增强,这种抑制作用比低磷水平处理更加明显。植株的根冠比以5 mg·kg^(-1)磷水平处理的最大,达到1.34;以45 mg·kg^(-1)处理的最小,仅为1.07。在有效磷含量为5、25和45mg·kg^(-1)的处理中,随磷水平的提高,植株的高度、地上部基径、总叶面积、根系总长度、根系总表面积、根系总体积、根的平均直径、总根尖数、根系分型维数、主根长度、侧根长度、侧根数量、整株根长度密度和根质量密度明显增大,磷水平高于45 mg·kg^(-1)的处理上述指数都明显降低,以125 mg·kg^(-1)磷水平处理为最小。土壤供磷水平的提高能够明显增大植株叶片中磷、钙、镁、锰和铜元素含量;随磷水平的提高,叶片中氮、钾、铁、锌和硼元素的含量与供磷水平呈先升高后降低的趋势;供磷水平低于45 mg·kg^(-1)会造成叶片中磷、镁、锰和铜元素的缺乏,供磷水平高于45 mg·kg^(-1)会导致这些元素的过量累积。在供磷�【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the effect of different phosphorus levels on the growth, morphological characteristics and element absorption of Juglans sigillata Dode seedlings, and provide a scientific foundation for the determination of soil phosphorus diagnostic criteria and phosphorus application for young trees.【Method】Using Juglans sigillata Dode seedlings as materials, the metamorphic rocks of acid yellow soil parent material development for cultivating soil,the soil culture experiments were employed to study the effect of different phosphorus levels on the growth, biomass, root-shoot ratio, root morphology characteristics and leaf element contents. 【Result】 Under the condition of 5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105 and 125 mg·kg^（-1）effective phosphorus levels, the plant total biomass, root and shoot biomass decreased when the phosphorus nutrition level was lower than 45 mg·L^（-1） or higher than 45 mg·L^（-1）. Under the condition of 45 mg·kg^（-1） phosphorus nutrition level, the root development of Juglans sigillata Dode root was the best and the plant of fresh and dry weight reached maximum, 183.07 g/plant and 109.84 g/plant. Under the condition of 125 mg·kg^（-1） phosphorus nutrition level, root system growth was the worst and plant total biomass was the minimum, only 66.93 g/plant and 40.16 g/plant. Phosphorus levels higher than 45 mg·kg^（-1）, with the increase of the phosphorus levels on plant growth inhibition enhanced obviously, the inhibitory effect was more obvious than the low phosphorus treatment. The root-shoot ratio of the plant with 5 mg·kg^（-1） phosphorus processing one of the biggest was 1.34, with 45 mg·kg^（-1） deal with the minimum of only 1.07. In the 5, 25 and 45 mg·kg^（-1） of phosphorus processing, with the increase of phosphorus levels of the plant height, aboveground base diameter, total leaf area, root length, total surface area, root volume, root average diameter, total root number, root fractal dimension number, root

关 键 词：铁核桃 磷 实生苗 营养元素 根形态特征 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]