术前处理和珠核规格对企鹅珍珠贝游离珍珠培育效果的影响  

Pre-operative condition and nucleus size on round nucleated pearl production of Pteria penguin

作　　者：梁飞龙[1] 王钦贵 邓岳文[1] 谢绍河[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学珍珠研究所,广东湛江524025 [2]广东绍河珍珠有限公司,广东汕头515822

出　　处：《水产养殖》2016年第1期30-34,共5页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300161)

摘　　要：本研究比较了不同术前处理方式和不同规格珠核对企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）游离珍珠培育效果的影响。术前处理方式分别为抑制母贝性腺发育和促进性腺发育排精产卵,珠核规格分别为5.0 mm、6.0 mm、7.0 mm和8.0 mm,手术贝休养期为1个月,育珠期为18个月。结果显示：术前处理和珠核规格对育珠贝成活率、留核率和成珠率存在显著影响（P〈0.05）,促进性腺发育排精产卵处理的育珠贝休养期、育珠期成活率、留核率和成珠率最高（62.0%、54.0%、21.0%和48.0%）,未经术前处理的对照组最低（50.0%、38.0%、11.0%和32.0%）,珠核直径5.0 mm组休养期、育珠期手术贝成活率、留核率和成珠率最高（64.0%、54.0%、22.0%和45.0%）,8.0mm最低（42.0%、33.0%、8.0%和22.0%）。本研究结果表明,通过手术前处理可以显著提高企鹅珍珠贝育珠贝的成活率、留核率和成珠率,企鹅珍珠贝游离珍珠培育的合适的珠核规格为5.0~6.0 mm。Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-operative condition and nucleus size on round nucleated pearl production performances of pearl oyster Pteria penguin. The pearl oyster was farmed in deeper water column to reduce metabolic rate, or induced to spawn by temperature stimulating prior to nucleusinserting operation for pre-operative condition. The diameters of nuclei were 5.0 mm, 6.0 mm, 7.0 mm and 8.0 ram, respectively. The recovery period and pearl farming period after nucleus implantation were one month and 18 months, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in the survival and pearl formation rates among groups （P 〈 0.05）. The survival rates, nucleus retention and pearl formation rates of host oysters during recovery and farming period were highest, with the values of 62.0%, 54.0%, 21.0% and 48.0% for implanted oysters by temperature stimulating for inducing to spawn. The lowest values were 50.0%, 38.0%, 11.0% and 32.0% for control groups, respectively. The survival rates during recovery and farming period, nucleus retention and pearl formation rates of operated oysters were the highest, with the values of 64.0%, 54.0%, 22.0% and 45.0% for 5.0 mm nucleus implanted oysters. The lowest values were 42.0%, 33.0%, 8.0% and 22.0% for 8.0mm nucleus implanted oysters, respectively. The results suggested that pre-operation condition can evidently improve survival rate, nucleus retention and pearl formation rates of host oysters and the nucleus diameter was 5.0-6.0 mm should be optimum for round nucleated pearl production of Pteria penguin.

关 键 词：企鹅珍珠贝 游离有核珍珠 术前处理 珠核规格 

分 类 号：S968.35[农业科学—水产养殖]