甲苯与职业性噪声接触对听力损失的联合作用  

Investigation on combined effects of exposure to toluene and occupational noise on hearing loss

作　　者：高盛庭 刘文娟[2] 胡俊[1] 张志雄[1] 庄远航 陈雯敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]珠海市疾病预防控制中心,广东珠海519060 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300 [3]珠海市第一中等职业学校,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2015年第6期398-400,404,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的探讨甲苯与噪声联合接触对听力损失的影响。方法选择珠海市两家企业中同时接触甲苯和噪声人员78例为混合接触组,单纯接触噪声人员75例为噪声接触组,不接触职业病危害因素的办公室和后勤人员90例为对照组,进行现场甲苯浓度和噪声强度检测,对三组研究对象进行纯音测听检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果接触组各作业点甲苯浓度、噪声强度均超过国家职业接触限值。混合接触组与噪声接触组在高频段(3.0 k Hz、4.0 k Hz、6.0 k Hz)听阈值差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。混合接触组与对照组比较,各频段听力差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。混合接触组、噪声接触组的语频听力异常检出率(25.6%、22.7%)均高于对照组(2.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05/3);混合接触组的高频听力异常检出率(51.3%)均大于噪声组(24.0%)和对照组(7.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05/3)。工龄≥5年者,混合接触组与噪声接触组听力损害发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲苯与噪声联合接触对听力损害有协同作用,应充分考虑联合接触因素的职业安全防护。Objective To study the combined effects of exposure to toluene and noise on hearing loss. Methods Totally 78 workers occupationally exposed to both toluene and noise, 75 workers exposed to only noise and 90 workers without any records of occupational exposure from two companies in Zhuhai City were studied. The toluene concentration and noise level at workplaces were measured. Pure tone test were done for all workers with pure tone audiometry. Results The average noise level was 89.1 ± 9.3 and 88.6 ± 6.2 dB（A） at workplaces of two exposed groups respectively and the toluene concentration was 56.4 - 143.0 mg/m3. The workers in combined exposure group had higher abnormality of heating threshold at frequencies of 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kHz than the workers exposed only to noise （q = 4.404, 3.315, 4.253,P 〈 0.05）. The heating loss both at speech frequency and high frequency among combined exposed workers was more serious, and the abnormality was 25.6% and 51.3% , respectively, while 22.7% and 24.0% among only noise exposed workers. The workers with combined exposure longer than 5 years had particular higher abnormality than workers with only noise exposure longer than 5 years （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion There might be a synergistic effect of occupational exposure to both toluene and noise on heating loss, the professional safety protection should be considered.

关 键 词：甲苯 噪声 听力损失 联合作用 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]