福州菩提树传粉生物学研究  

Pollination Biology of Ficus religiosa L. in Fuzhou

作　　者：杨升[1] 郑翠芳[1] 张燕[1] 黄诗雯 陈友铃[1] 吴文珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期53-58,64,共7页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(31270440);福建师范大学生物学拔尖人才班科研训练项目

摘　　要：选取福州地区90株菩提树为实验样本,对其进行传粉生物学研究.菩提树榕果的发育过程可划分为雌前期、雌花期、间花期、雄花期和花后期.菩提树榕果内雌花有长、短花柱之分,柱头相互粘连靠合形成柱头平台,利于小蜂授粉和产卵,雄花迟熟.首次在福州地区观察到菩提树传粉小蜂Platyscapa quadraticeps(Mayr),并对其进行了形态学描述,未发现非传粉小蜂.福州地区菩提树种子产出率为52.65%,高于同域分布的其他小果型雌雄同株榕树的种子产出率,这可能是无非传粉小蜂竞争雌花资源的缘故.传粉小蜂的性比为0.10±0.06,与其他雌雄同株的小果型榕树比较,其性比极度偏雌,可能是由于传粉小蜂建群时间短,蜂少果多,单果内繁殖母本数量少,局域配偶竞争强度高所致.A total 90 F. religiosa plants in Fuzhou were sampled in this study for pollination biology, of which the fig development can be divided into five stages： pre-female phase, female phase, inter-floral phase, male-phase, post-floral phase. The fig of F. religiosa has both long style and short style female flowers, and its stigma formed a stigma platform that benefits to fig wasps＇ pollination and spawning, male flower matured late. The pollinator wasps of F. religiosa, Platyscapa quadraticeps （Mayr） whose morphological characters have been described, was observed in Fuzhou area for the first time, but did not find its non-pollinating wasps. F. religiosa seed output rate （52.65%） was slightly higher than other small fruit type monoecious Ficus trees in the same domain distribution, probably due to the lack of no non-pollinating wasps competing female re- sources. The sex ratio of pollinating fig wasps was 0. 10 ± 0. 06. Compared with other small fruit type monoecious Ficus trees, the sex ratio showed extremely female-biased sex ratio. This may be attribute to the short time of foundress wasps distribution, resulting in enough figs but insufficient female wasps in generall, especially insufficient female wasps in per fig, which further resulting in high intense local mate competition.

关 键 词：菩提树 繁殖特征 种子产出率 榕小蜂 

分 类 号：Q969.54[生物学—昆虫学]