堰塞坝漫顶破坏溃口演变机制试验研究  

Experimental Study on Dyke Evolution Mechanism in Dam-Break Process of Landslide Dam

作　　者：徐富刚[1] 杨兴国[2] 周家文[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期79-83,共5页Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：中科院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-05-01-02);四川大学优秀青年学者基金项目(2013SCU04A07)

摘　　要：以枷担湾堰塞坝为原型,考虑坝料粒径、坝体高度、坝体下游坡度等影响因素,设置了4种试验工况,制备了相应的试验用坝,并在上游来流量相同的条件下(0.15 L/s),观察不同工况下各坝体的破坏过程,进而分析堰塞坝溃口演变机制。结果表明:堰塞坝的溃决主要可以分为持续时间较长、溃决过程较缓和的溃口贯穿阶段,及持续时间较短、溃决过程较剧烈的溃口拓展阶段两大阶段;溃口演变在纵向上主要体现在陡坎侵蚀和溯源推进,横向上体现在水流淘脚、边坡坍塌;堰塞坝颗粒粒径决定了坝体的抗冲刷能力,颗粒越大,坝体抗冲刷能力越强;坝高反映了水流的冲击能力,坝体越高,坝体溃决时能量越大,危害性也越大;坝体下游坡度反映了坝体的稳定程度,坡度越缓,坝体稳定性越好。Taking the Jiadanwan Landslide Dam as the prototype, four kinds of test conditions were set up and the corresponding experimental dams were made, with the consideration of impact factors, Such as the dam material particle size, the dam height and the dam slope in the downstream. The failure process of the various experimental dams under the same upstream flow （0.15 L/s） was observed and then the evolvement mechanism of the dyke was analyzed. The results show that the dam-break process of the landslide dam could be divided into two stages ： the throughout dyke stage with a long duration and a rather slow break; the dyke development stage with a small duration and a rather acute＇ break. The dyke evolution is mainly scarp erosion and traceability in the longitudinal direction and feet erosion and slope collapse in the transverse direction. At the same time, the dam material particle size, the dam height and the dam slope in the downstream have a significant impact on the dyke development. The particle size determines the erosion resistance of the dam body, and the bigger the particle size, the greater the scour resistance ability of the dam body ; the dam height reflects the impact force of water flow, and the greater the dam height, the greater the energy during the dam-break process and the greater the destructive effect; the downstream slope reflects the stability of the dam, the smaller the slope, the better the stability of dam body.

关 键 词：水利工程 堰塞坝 溃决过程 演变机制 物理模型试验 影响因素 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]