基于低仰角红外测量的蒙气差修正方法  

Correction method of atmospheric refraction based on the low elevation infrared measurement

作　　者：门涛[1,2] 史金霞[2] 徐蓉[1,2] 刘长海[1,2] 温昌礼[2] 

机构地区：[1]宇航动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710043 [2]中国西安卫星测控中心,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2016年第1期258-263,共6页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金(61308083;61307038)

摘　　要：受大气蒙气差的影响,地基光电望远镜观测得到的星体或飞行器位置和实际位置存在偏差;空间目标的俯仰角越小,蒙气差越大。为了对空间目标进行较为精确的定位,需要对光电望远镜进行蒙气差修正。文中在分析光电望远镜原有的大气蒙气差修正计算模型的基础上,为提高低仰角观测时蒙气差修正精度,采用回扫任务目标轨道附近恒星进行误差修正的方法对回扫得到的蒙气差修正量曲线进行大量实验总结并进行多项式拟合,最终得到针对低仰角长波红外观测的蒙气差修正公式。经过多次实验验证,长波红外系统起跟仰角由10°降低至2°,目标捕获时间提前50 s以上,可观测飞行器部件分离等关键特征点。实验结果表明文中方法有效降低了低仰角蒙气差修正误差,提高了长波红外系统的跟踪精度和捕获能力,具有实际工程应用价值。Due to the effect of atmospheric refraction, the space objects （e.g. stars, aircraft, and so on） observed from ground-based optoelectronic telescopes always have positions that different from their actual ones. The lower the elevation of the space objects, the more obvious the effect of atmospheric refraction becomes, and hence the larger position difference will be deduced. To position the space objects with high accuracy, it is necessary to correct the effect of atmospheric refraction. In order to improve the correction accuracy of atmospheric refraction effect during the observation of space objects with low elevations, the correction curves of atmospheric refraction effect were obtained by retrace-scanning fixed stars in the neighborhood of the orbit of space objects, based on the original model for correcting and computing the effect of atmospheric refraction. At last, through large amount of experimental demonstration and polynomial curve fitting, a new expression was proposed for the correction of atmospheric refraction effect with low elevation observation. The computation results from several experiments show that, during the observation of mission space objects with infrared long-wavelength system, the initial elevation reduced to 2° from 10°, the capture time for the mission space objects with infrared long-wavelength brought forwardmore than 50 s, and the critical characteristic points （e. g. assembly separation） of the mission space objects could be observed. The experimental results indicates that, our proposed method can be used to reduce effectively correction error of atmospheric refraction effect with low elevation observation, to improve the capability and accuracy in the process of capturing and tracking the mission space objects with infrared long-wavelength systems, and has great worth in actual engineering and practical application area.

关 键 词：蒙气差 低仰角 光电望远镜 长波红外 

分 类 号：P126.2[天文地球—天体测量]