根域容积对柑桔果实品质及土壤养分、微生物和酶的影响  

Effect of the Root-zone Volume on Fruit Quality of Citrus and Soil Nutrients,Microorganisms,Enzymatic Activity

作　　者：王杰[1] 宋士任[1] 董能利 赵丽萍[1] 张才喜[1] 王世平[1] 许文平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [2]安徽省宿州市砀山县园艺场,安徽砀山235300

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2016年第1期1-7,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：上海市现代农业技术体系建设项目[沪农科产字(2014)第7号;沪农科产字(2015)第7号]资助

摘　　要：为了开发柑桔根域限制栽培技术,以5年生枳砧宫川温州蜜柑为试材,分别采用50L、100L、150L根域容积进行栽培,以大田栽培为对照,研究了根域容积对柑桔树体营养、果实品质及土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,根域限制使叶片光合速率受到不同程度抑制,100 L及150L根域容积处理春梢叶片的叶面积显著增大,而50L处理与对照差异不显著。根域限制使春梢叶片K含量不同程度降低,而100L根域容积处理叶片N、P元素含量有所增加,成熟期果实N、P、K元素含量则大多低于对照。根域限制可不同程度增加土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效磷及铵态氮的含量,减缓土壤pH值的上升,尤其以150L及100L处理效果更明显。根域限制后,土壤微生物数量未增加甚至减少,而150L及100L处理的脲酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶活性显著上升。根域限制显著提升了果实的果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖及可溶性固形物含量,提高了品质,尤其以150L及100L处理提高品质更明显。The 5-year-old Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu ‘Miyagawa＇）grafted on trifoliate orange was used as experimental materials.Fruit quality,nutrition status of the tree,and soil nutrients,microorganisms,enzymatic activity at different depth of soil were analyzed under different root-zone volume（50 L,100 Land 150 L）compared to field cultivation（control）.The results showed that the leaf photosynthesis was significantly suppressed under restricted volume of rootzone.Plants in 100 Land 150 Lroot-zone volumes had larger size of leaf than that of other treatment and control.There was no significant difference between 50 Lroot-zone volume and control.K content in the leaves of spring shoots decreased under root-zone restriction cultivation,but leaf N,P contents were higher in 100Lroot-zone volume than that of control.Matured fruits had lower N,P,K contents under root-zone restriction cultivation compared to the control.The contents of soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus were inordinately increased,and the rise of soil pH was slowed down under root-zone restriction.The effect was more obvious under 150 L and 100 L root-zone volume.The activities of urease,sucrase and protease in rhizosphere soil were significantly enhanced in 150 Land 100 L root-zone volume,but quantities of soil microorganisms were reduced under root-zone restriction.The fructose,glucose,su-crose and soluble solid were increased under root-zone restriction.In particularly,under 100 L and 150 L root-zone volume,the fruit quality had been significantly improved.

关 键 词：根域容积 柑桔 土壤养分 土壤微生物 多样性 土壤酶活性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]