蚁丘干扰下高寒草甸植物群落特征和生态位  

Alpine meadow plant community traits and niche under the disturbance of anthills in Northwest Sichuan Province,western China

作　　者：向泽宇[1] 张莉[1] 刘雪娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院藏药研究重点实验室,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [2]内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟林业治沙研究所,内蒙古阿拉善左旗750300

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第2期321-329,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：青海省高新技术研究与发展计划项目(2014-GX-220)资助

摘　　要：蚁丘作为高寒草甸上一种重要的生态干扰因子,对高寒草甸植物群落特征和生态位产生重要影响。2012年9月在四川红原县对蚁丘干扰后的高寒草甸植物群落进行了研究。结果表明:蚁丘干扰后高寒草甸植物群落的物种丰富度和多样性降低,但禾本科和莎草科的盖度、重要值和生态位宽度增加,尤其是禾本科的草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)与垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)的生态位宽度明显高于对照,成为优势种群。蚁丘干扰后高寒草甸植物种群生态位重叠程度普遍偏小,以保证占据较大生态位宽度的禾本科和莎草科优势种群与其他物种间在生态学上的长期共存适应,有利于受干扰的高寒草甸朝着增加优良牧草比例、增强可牧能力的方向发展。As an important ecological disturbance factor in the alpine meadow, anthills can great- ly influence the characteristics and ecological niche of plant community in alpine meadow. Alpine meadow plant community with anthill disturbance was studied in September 2012 in Hongyuan, Sichuan. The results showed that the species richness and diversity of the alpine meadow plant community decreased after the anthill disturbance, while the coverage, importance value and niche breadth of Gramineae and Cyperaceae increased. Especially, the niche breadths of gramineous grass Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans were obviously greater than those of the control, becoming the dominant populations. With anthill disturbance, the niche overlap level of alpine meadow plant populations was generally lower, ensuring the long-term ecological coexistence between the dominant populations of Gramineae and Cyperaceae with larger niche breadths and other species. It benefits the disturbed alpine meadow to the succession toward the direction of fine herbage, improving the grazing capacity of the alpine meadow to some extent.

关 键 词：蚁丘 高寒草甸 群落特征 生态位 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]