肿瘤放射及化学治疗所致恶心呕吐的药物治疗研究现状  

Drug Treatment of Antiemetic in Cancer Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy

作　　者：胡钰[1] 罗洁丽[1] 黄艳芳[1] 李璐[1] 吴柳婷 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学附属普仁医院药学部,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《中国药业》2016年第1期10-13,共4页China Pharmaceuticals

摘　　要：目的分析肿瘤放射及化学治疗后引起恶心呕吐的作用机制,并阐述各类止吐药物作用机制。方法回顾性研究国内外相关临床试验和文献,对各类止吐药物的研究现状、临床应用和进展进行综述。结果 5-羟色胺3(5-HT_3)受体拮抗剂和神经激肽-1(NK-1)受体拮抗剂对急性呕吐均有较好疗效,第2代5-HT_3受体拮抗剂帕洛诺司琼和NK-1受体拮抗剂阿瑞吡坦对延迟性呕吐的效果更佳,且与皮质激素地塞米松联用可提高疗效。结论 5-HT_3受体拮抗剂为临床主要使用的止吐药,对急性呕吐的疗效优于延迟性呕吐,联用NK-1受体拮抗剂和皮质激素类药物可加强其对延迟性呕吐的疗效。Objective To analyze the mechanism of nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and review various antiemetic mechanism. Methods To conduct retrospective studies by clinical trials and literatures,and to review the current researches on various types of antiemetic drugs,clinical application and progress. Results 5- hydroxytryptamine- 3（ 5- HT_3） serotonin receptor antagonists and neurokinin- 1 receptor antagonist had good curative effects on acute vomiting, palonosetron and aprepitant were much more better for delayed emesis and combined with dexamethasone could increase efficacy. Conclusion Currently 5- HT_3 receptor antagonist on acute vomiting is relatively positive,and if combined with NK- 1 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone,can increase its efficacy.

关 键 词：肿瘤放化疗 恶心呕吐 止吐药物 合理用药 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学] R975.3[医药卫生—药学]