中国小麦和苹果生产的成本效率分析  

Cost Efficiency Analysis of Wheat and Apple Production in China

作　　者：杨浩然[1] 刘悦[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济学院,重庆401120 [2]重庆理工大学经济与贸易学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2016年第1期16-25,110,共10页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目(编号:10XJA790006)

摘　　要：随着农业劳动力工资、土地成本和中间投入品价格的不断上涨,中国农业生产成本逐年上升,同时国际市场大宗农产品价格持续下降削弱了中国农产品的竞争力。在农产品贸易逐渐开放的情况下,削减生产成本是提高中国农业竞争力的有效手段。本文以小麦和苹果为例,采用数据包络分析法分析了中国小麦和苹果主产省份的成本效率。结果显示,配置效率较低是导致中国小麦和苹果生产成本效率损失的主要原因之一,技术效率存在进一步提高的可能性。降低生产成本一方面需要完善各省份的要素市场,另一方面也需要提高生产要素诸如土地、劳动力和化肥的利用效率。Along with increases in agricultural labor wage,opportunity cost of land,and prices of intermediate inputs,agriculture production costs rise in recent years in China. On the other hand,continuous decline of long-term agricultural bulk commodity prices reduces the competitiveness of China's agricultural products. As the agricultural trade barriers were shaken,reduce production cost would be effective in improving agricultural competitiveness of China. Use wheat and apple for example,this study employs data envelopment analysis to investigate the cost efficiency of wheat and apple production in the major provinces. Results indicate that allocation inefficiency is the main cause of cost efficiency loss for both wheat and apple. Moreover,technical efficiency has the potential to be promoted. It is needed to improve factor market and factor use efficiency,such as land,labor and fertilizer,in order to reduce agricultural production cost.

关 键 词：生产成本 技术效率 配置效率 小麦 苹果 

分 类 号：F326.13[经济管理—产业经济]