中国8个城市大气多溴联苯醚的污染特征及人体暴露水平  

Atmospheric Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Eight Cities of China: Pollution Characteristics and Human Exposure

作　　者：林海涛[1,2] 李琦路[3] 张干[4] 李军[4] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学人文学院,昆明650090 [2]云南中医学院药学院,昆明650500 [3]河南师范大学环境学院,黄淮水环境与污染防治教育部重点实验室,河南省环境污染控制重点实验室,新乡453007 [4]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第1期10-15,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201209018)

摘　　要：利用大流量采样器采集了我国东西部地区8个城市的大气气相和颗粒相样品,分析了样品中8种多溴联苯醚.结果表明,气相中以BDE-28(三溴组分)浓度最高[(6.25±4.95)pg·m^(-3)]不同于以往研究中BDE-99和-47为气相中优势同系物单体;颗粒相中则以BDE-209浓度最高[(25.4±124)pg·m^(-3)].北京和广州这两个大型城市的大气PBDEs浓度较高,尤其是广州的颗粒相BDE-209浓度,比其他城市的浓度高两个数量级.与早期的观测结果相比,我国城市大气PBDEs浓度呈普遍的下降趋势.同时,对比发现气相浓度下降较慢,颗粒相浓度下降较快,结合相关性分析结果,这一现象可能与工业五溴和八溴联苯醚的停产禁用高溴组分的光降解及城市大气颗粒物浓度的降低有关.城市婴幼儿的吸入暴露量约为成人的2~3倍,反映出城市大气PBDEs对城镇居民尤其是婴幼儿的潜在健康危害仍不容忽略.The gas and particle samples of eight cities were collected by high flow active air sampler in the Eastern and Western China and eight congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed.The results showed that the concentration of BDE-28（tri-BDE）in the gas-phase（three bromide components） was the highest,which was different from previous studies where BDE-99 and-47 were the predominant homologues in the gas-phase while the concentration of BDE-209[（25.4 ± 124） pg·m^-3]in particle-phase was the highest.The atmospheric concentrations of PBDEs in Beijing and Guangzhou were relatively higher,especially the BDE-209 concentration in particle phases of Guangzhou was two orders higher than those of other cities.However,the atmospheric concentrations of PBDEs declined significantly when compared with the data from previous studies.Meanwhile,the results indicated that the gas-phase concentrations decreased slowly and the particle-phase concentrations decreased rapidly.Combined with the results of correlation analysis,this phenomenon might be ascribed to the ceased commercial production of penta-and octa-BDE,the light degradation of high bromide components and reduced concentrations of atmospheric particles in urban area.Inhalation exposure for infants was about 2-3times higher than that of adults.This reflected that the potential health risk of atmospheric PBDEs in city for residents,especially infants and young children,should not be ignored.

关 键 词：多溴联苯醚 城市大气 浓度组成 时空分布 呼吸暴露 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]