南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究  

Contributions of Factors That Influenced the Visibility In North Suburb of Nanjing In Winter and Spring

作　　者：马佳[1] 于兴娜[1] 安俊琳[1] 朱彬[1] 于超[1] 朱俊[1] 夏航[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第1期41-50,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB05030104);国家自然科学基金项目(41475142);江苏省高等学校大学生实践创新训练计划项目(201510300053y,201510300065y);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：为研究南京北郊气象要素以及气溶胶对大气能见度的影响,利用2014年1~5月的能见度、相对湿度、温度、颗粒物浓度及其化学成分等观测数据,探讨了气溶胶不同化学组分对消光系数的贡献,提出了该地区能见度基于不同参数的拟合方案.结果表明,观测期间平均能见度为(5.78±3.64)km,能见度与相对湿度、PM_(2.5)存在明显的负相关,相关系数分别为-0.66、-0.48.冬季平均消光系数为(398.72±219.88)Mm^(-1),Organic、NH_4NO_3、(NH_4)_2SO_4和EC对消光的贡献率分别为38.81%、27.81%、23.95%和7.15%;春季平均消光系数为(248.36±78.42)Mm^(-1),Orgamic、NH_4NO_3、(NH_4)_2SO_4和EC对消光的贡献率分别为31.59%、24.36%、32.63%和8.64%.对比不同的能见度拟合方案时,基于颗粒物成分的能见度拟合方案优于基于散射系数的.不同相对湿度区间内PM_(2.5)对能见度的影响程度不同,基于PM_(2.5)、相对湿度和温度的能见度拟合方案说明:低相对湿度的条件下,PM_(2.5)对能见度的影响较大;随相对湿度增大,相对湿度成为更为重要的影响因子.The data of visibility,relative humidity（RH）,temperature（T）,concentrations and chemical compositions of particles from January to May in 2014 were analyzed to understand the effects of meteorological elements and aerosols on the visibility in north suburb of Nanjing,research the contributions of different aerosol chemical compositions to extinction coefficients and propose the visibility fitting solutions of this region based on different parameters.As the results showed,the average visibility during the observation period was（5.78 ± 3.64） km;there were obvious negative correlations between visibility and RH,PM2.5 and the correlation coefficients were-0.66 and- 0.48,respectively.The average extinction coefficient in winter was（398.72 ± 219.88）Mm^-1,the contributions of Organic,NH4NO3,（NH4）2SO4 and EC to extinction coefficient were 38.81%,27.81%,23.95%and7.15%,respectively;and the average extinction coefficient in spring was（248.36 ±78.42） Mm,the contributions of Organic,NH4NO3,（NH4）2SO4 and EC to extinction coefficient were 31.59%,24.36%,32.63%and 8.64%,respectively.The visibility fitting solution based on chemical compositions of aerosols was better than that based on extinction coefficient when comparing the different fitting solutions.The levels of PM2.5 mass concentrations＇ influences on the visibility depended on different ranges of RH;the visibility fitting solutions based on PM2.5,RH and T explained that the effects of PM2.5 on visibility were strong when RH stayed low,while RH became the more important factor with its increase.

关 键 词：能见度 相对湿度 PM2.5 颗粒物成分 消光系数 拟合方案 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]