基于模型数据的噪声能量对叠加、偏移结果的影响分析  

The Impact Analysis of Noise Energy to the Stack and Migration Based on the Model Data

作　　者：邹少峰[1] 朱海波[1] 宋林[1] 居兴国[1] 刘燕峰[1] 杨楠[1] 夏洪瑞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,南京211103 [2]中国石油化工集团公司石油工程地球物理有限公司江汉分公司物探研究中心,潜江433100

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2016年第1期24-35,共12页Science Technology and Engineering

摘　　要：地震资料中不可避免地存有噪声,噪信比(噪声能量与信号能量之比)可能对地震成像造成致命的影响。根据自行设计模型,采用正演方法生成138炮记录,在这些单炮上分别加上不同能量的随机噪声和相干噪声,并应用模型速度进行NMO校正、叠加或进行叠前深度偏移;在这些工作的基础上,进行不同能量的随机噪声对叠加结果的影响分析,同能量随机噪声和相干噪声对叠加结果的影响分析,同随机噪声能量对叠加和偏移影响分析及同能量随机噪声、相干噪声对叠前深度偏移结果分析。这种分析建立在信噪比已知、速度已知、叠加及偏移算法已知的背景下,因而具有较高的准确度。最后,根据这些实验分析,得出各种不同噪信比的噪声对叠加、叠前偏移的影响进行给出定量结论,以期对地震资料处理中去噪技术的应用提供帮助。Noises inevitably exist in seismic data. Large of the ratio of the energy of noises and signals（ s/n ratio） may be resulted fatal influence on the seismic imaging. This question was answered in the following way： first generate 138 records by the forward modeling method of our self-designed model. Then add random noises and coherent noises,and run the NMO correction,the stacking or the pre-stacking depth migration by applying model velocity. On the basis of these works,then the respective influences of the superposition results of random noises of different energy were analyzed,the superposition results of random noises and coherent noises of the same energy,the superposition and migration results of random noises of the same energy,and the depth migration results of prestacking were analyzed. The analysis was build on the models that the s / n ratio,speed,and the algorithms of superposition and migration are all known. Therefore,the result has a high accuracy. Finally,the conclusion of the influence of the superposition and pre-stacking migration of noises of different energy was stated according to the analysis of experiment results,in order to help the application of the denoising technology in seismic data processing.

关 键 词：噪声能量 随机噪声 相干噪声 叠加 叠前偏移 速度场 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]