中国1882对母婴O～7d纯母乳喂养状况及其影响因素  

Status of exclusive breastfeeding and influencing factors for 1 882 pairs of mother and neonate during O-7 days postpartum in China

作　　者：段一凡[1] 潘丽莉[1] 王杰[1] 杨振宇[1] 许丽丽[2] 李娟娟[3] 万青青[3] 刘淑梅[2] 万蓉[3] 荫士安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所国家卫生计生委微量元素营养重点实验室,北京100050 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所 [3]云南省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第1期61-66,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2010AA023004）

摘　　要：目的研究中国0—7d新生儿纯母乳喂养现状并分析其可能的影响因素。方法于2011—2013年在我国8个不同区域的省份招募产后0～7d的健康乳母及其新生儿，进行问卷调查和体格检查，收集乳母家庭社会经济状况、怀孕情况、分娩方式，以及新生儿基本情况、健康状况、喂养状况等相关信息，分析0～7d新生儿纯母乳喂养率及其影响因素。结果共纳入产后0—7d的乳母及其新生儿1882对，0～7d新生儿纯母乳喂养率为13．3％（230名）。使用过奶瓶（OR=O．08，95％CI：0．05～0．12）、乳母本身0—4月龄时是混合喂养（OR=O．22，95％CI：0．08～0．58）、使用过催奶方法（OR=O．58，95％CI：0．35～0．94）是产后7d内纯母乳喂养的不利因素；与认为奶不够的乳母相比，认为自己奶够孩子吃（OR=6．04，95％CI：3．34—10．94）是产后7d内纯母乳喂养的有利因素；与北京市相比，云南省（OR=0．10，95％CI：0．04～0．24）、甘肃省（OR=O．03，95％CI：0．01～0．08）的产后7d内纯母乳喂养率较低；随着新生儿日龄的增加，产后7d内纯母乳喂养率增加（OR=1．33，95％CI：1．16—1．53）。结论我国0～7d新生儿纯母乳喂养率较低，存在明显地区差异，不科学的喂养知识和行为显著影响新生儿纯母乳喂养率。Objective To investigate the status of exclusive breastfeeding（EBF） and possible influencing factors during 0-7 days postpartum in China. Methods During 2011 to 2013, healthy mothers and neonates who were in the period of O-7 days postpartum from 8 provinces across different regions of China were recruited to take the questionnaire investigations and physical examinations. Information about socio-eeonomie, pregnant, and delivery status, infant healthy situation and feeding indicators was collected to calculate the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during O-7 days postpartum and analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 1 882 pairs of mothers and neonates were covered by this study. The rate of EBF was 13.3% （250 cases） during 0-7 days postpartum. Bottle feeding （OR=0.08, 95% Ch 0.05-0.12）, the mothers themselves mixed fed at their 0-4 months old （OR=0.22, 95%Ch 0.08-0.58）, the mothers who had used methods to stimulate milk secretion （0R=0.58, 95% CI： 0.35-0.94） might decrease the EBF rate. Compared with the mothers who believed that their breast milk was not enough for their infants, the mothers who believed breastmilk was enough may increase the EBF rate （OR=6.04, 95%CI： 3.34-10.94）. Comparing to the EBF rate of Beijing, Yunnan （OR=0.10, 95%CI： 0.04-0.24）, and Gansu（OR=O.03,95%Cl： 0.01-0.08） had lower EBF rate during O-7 days postpartum. What＇s more, the EBF rate increased with the increasing neonates＇ age （OR=1.33, 95%Ch 1.16-1.53）. Conelusion The EBF rate during 0-7 days postpartum is still low in China and had significant differences in different regions. Suboptimal feeding knowledge and practices affeeted the EBF rate significantly.

关 键 词：产后期 婴儿 新生 母乳喂养 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]