健康素养干预对养老机构老年人自我护理能力及身心健康的影响  

Intervention effects of health literacy on self-care ability, physical and mental health of elderly people in nursing home

作　　者：陈艳莉 宋学香[2] 寇海燕 余淑芳 鲁惠玲[2] 翟燕 祁宏 

机构地区：[1]宁夏人民医院西夏分院神经外科,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏人民医院护理部

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2016年第1期19-23,共5页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(2013211A059);乌鲁木齐市科技局基金项目(Y131310008)

摘　　要：目的对乌鲁木齐市养老机构老年人进行健康素养干预,评价干预效果,探讨适合养老机构老年人的健康教育措施。方法于2014年2-9月从乌鲁木齐市登记在册的养老机构中通过分层整群随机抽样,按照不同的规模、收费标准、营业性质随机抽取18家养老机构进行健康素养干预。干预组(9家养老机构)给予健康素养干预教育、播放健康素养宣教配套光碟、宣传活动、健康素养有奖知识竞赛、同伴教育,其中符合纳入和排除标准的研究对象为144例;对照组(9家养老机构)为147例,发放《中国公民健康素养读本—健康66条》和《老年人健康素养手册》各1本,定时在养老机构循环播放健康素养配套光碟。于干预前后进行问卷调查,组内自身前后、两组间均数比较采用配对t检验和两独立样本的t检验(或t’检验)评价干预效果,等级资料的比较采用秩和检验,组间率的比较采用χ2检验。结果干预组和对照组在社会人口学特征、自评健康状况、健康服务利用情况等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组老年人健康素养总得分由(47.42±19.07)分提高到(134.95±8.65)分,对照组由(49.50±18.75)分提高到(70.42±30.80)分;干预组自我护理能力总得分由(60.62±15.24)分提高到(127.16±2.61)分,对照组由(58.54±10.28)分提高到(108.57±20.22)分,干预组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力、健康状况总得分均较干预前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力总得分均较干预前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),在健康状况3个维度中,身体健康和心理健康干预后得分均较干预前高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),日常生活活动能力得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力、健康状况总得分及各维度得分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)Objective To assess the intervention effects of health literacy on self-care ability, physical and mental health of elderly people, and to explore the health education measures of elderly people in nursing home. Methods From February to September of2014, the stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select randomly 18 Urumqi registered nursing homes, according to the different scale, charge standard and business nature. All nursing homes were divided into the intervention group（9 nursing homes） and control group（9 nursing homes）. The intervention measures（health literacy education, playing the health literacy education optical disk, publicity action, health literacy prize knowledge contest, peer education） were taken in the intervention group（144 cases fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria）. Granting two booklets（Chinese citizens health literacy reader- 66 health and The elderly health literacy brochures） and playing the health literacy education optical disk were taken in control group（147 cases）. The questionnaires before and after intervention were investigated for two groups or within self-group. Rank-sum test, t test, t＇ test and chi-square test were used to analyze all data. Results There were no significant differences of the social demographic characteristics, self-reported health status and health service utilization between two groups（P 0.05）. Before intervention, the average scores of health literacy and self-care ability of intervention group and control group were 47.42 ±19.07 and 49.50±18.75, 60.62±15.24 and 58.54±10.28, respectively. After intervention, the average scores of health literacy and selfcare ability of intervention group and control group were 134.95 ±8.65 and 70.42 ±30.80, 127.16 ±2.61 and 108.57 ±20.22,respectively. After intervention, the average scores of health literacy, self-care agency and health status of intervention group and control group increased significantly（P 0.01）. In the three dimensions of health status, the

关 键 词：老年人 养老机构 健康素养 自我护理能力 身心健康 干预研究 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]