流程模拟技术在常减压装置上的应用  

The Application of Process Simulation in Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Units

作　　者：杨彩娟[1] 邵嘉媛[1] 陈玉石[1] 

机构地区：[1]石化盈科信息技术有限责任公司上海分公司,上海200120

出　　处：《中外能源》2016年第1期80-86,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：常减压蒸馏装置是原油加工过程的第一道工序,将原油按馏程切割成汽油、煤油、轻柴油、重柴油、润滑油等产品或半成品,或者为下游二次加工过程提供原料,对炼厂的下游加工流程及经济效益具有重要影响。应用AspenPlus流程模拟软件建立常减压装置流程模拟模型,应用模型对装置进行多方面分析、诊断,提出相应的优化改进措施,如优化常压塔、减压塔中段取热比例,提高原油换热终温;优化常压炉出口温度和常压塔底汽提蒸汽量,提高常压拔出率;优化减压炉出口温度、减压塔真空度和塔底汽提蒸汽量,提高装置总拔出率;优化常压塔操作,降低馏分之间的重叠度,实现目标产品产率最大化;优化初馏塔,在满足初顶油终馏点的情况下,尽可能提高初馏塔拔出率。中国石化多套常减压装置应用实践证明,流程模拟技术可为常减压装置效益提升、节能降耗、技改技措提供重要的技术支撑。The atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is the first component of a crude oil processing pro- cess,in which crude oil is cut into gasoline,kerosene,light diesel oil,heavy diesel oil,lubricating oil and other products or semi-products ,depending on the distillation range ,or raw material is provided for the down- stream secondary processing process.The unit has a significant influence on the downstream processing process and economics of a refinery.The AspenPlus process simulation software was used to develop an atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit process model.Technicians used the model to analyze and diagnose the operation of the unit and proposed corresponding measures to optimize the operation.These measures included optimizing the percentage of heat removal in the middle sections of the atmospheric and vacuum columns to increase the final heat exchange temperature for crude oil ;optimizing the temperature at the outlet of the atmospheric furnace and the stripping vapor volume at the bottom of the atmospheric column to increase atmospheric dis- tillate yield ;optimizing the temperature at the outlet of the vacuum furnace and the vacuum degree of the vacuum column as well as the stripping vapor volume at the bottom of the column to increase the total dis- tillate yield of the unit;optimizing the operation of the atmospheric distillation column and reducing the de- gree of overlapping between distillates to maximize the yields of target products;and optimizing the pre-frac- tionator to maximize the distillate yield of the facility while meeting the final boiling point of primary top distillate.The application in multiple atmospheric and vacuum distillation units at Sinopec shows that process simulation can provide important technical support to the improvement of efficiency of atmospheric and vacu- um distillation units,energy saving and technical upgrade.

关 键 词：常减压装置 流程模拟 优化 换热 终温 拔出率 重叠度 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]