论西方道德心理研究的新综合取向：道德基础理论  

Western Moral Foundation Theory:The new synthesis approach to moral research

作　　者：张梦圆[1] 苑明亮[1] 寇彧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,应用实验心理北京重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期50-59,共10页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“学生亲社会行为促进:理论与方法”(10JJDXLX002);北京市教育委员会项目“北京市初中生社会态度调查研究”(PXM2014_014202_07_000067);积极心理学研究基金“青少年的幸福倾向:成因及后果”;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“亲社会行为的传递:边界条件与心理机制”

摘　　要：个体的道德系统不仅包括评价道德水平的道德形式,而且也包括界定道德范畴的道德内容。以理性主义为基础的传统道德心理研究重视道德形式,忽视情绪因素,未能充分揭示道德判断规律;忽视道德情感与行为,未能系统描述个体道德全貌;忽略文化多样性,反映出有限的道德内容观。随着多学科的发展与交流,新综合取向的道德基础理论应运而生。该理论认为道德具有先天性、可塑性、直觉性和多元性四个基本特征,包含关爱/伤害,公平/欺骗,忠诚/背叛,权威/颠覆,洁净/堕落五元道德内容,后新增自由/压迫共六大道德内容。基于该理论的应用研究,涉及个体心理特征与多元道德内容的关系、不同群体道德内容的差异性及其影响因素、道德内容差异性对个体态度的预测三个方面。未来研究可以继续深入探讨不同道德内容对于个体社会行为的交互影响,以及多元道德内容基础上的个体道德发展。Individual＇s moral system consists of moral contents and moral forms,defining what one＇s morality is and how it works.Based on rationalism,traditional moral research has long focused on moral reasoning and judgment rather than instinct,emotion and behavior.In addition,because it neglects the cultural diversity,the traditional approach cannot describe systematically the whole picture of individual＇s moral landscape.With the evolutionary development of neurological and social psychology,there has emerged a new and synthesis approach of moral research,which is the moral foundation theory.The theory proposed that morality is innate,intuitional and pluralistic,and could be learned from culture.Basic moral foundations include 5original dimension：Care/harm,Fairness/cheating,Loyalty/betrayal,Authority/subversion,and Sanctity/degradation,and one newly found dimension of Liberty/oppression.Current application research of the theory involved the relationship between moral foundations and individual psychological characteristics,the differences of moral foundations cross different groups,and the reasons inducing these differences.Future research can explore how the interactions of different moral foundations influence social behavior of individual and individual＇s moral development on the foundations of pluralistic moral dimensions.

关 键 词：道德内容 道德基础理论 多元道德 

分 类 号：G84[文化科学—体育训练]