奥运水上项目优秀运动员伤病的流行病学调查  

An epidemiological study of injuries in elite athletes of Olympic aquatic sports

作　　者：唐金树[1] 李君[2] 徐成峰[2] 王宁[2] 石秀秀[1] 田宇[1] 杨全胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第一附属医院骨科康复中心,北京100048 [2]解放军总医院第一附属医院医务部,北京100048

出　　处：《中国骨与关节杂志》2015年第12期973-977,共5页Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(2013A108)

摘　　要：目的探讨奥运水上项目优秀运动员的伤病分布特点并对伤病原因进行分析。方法 2013年11月至2014年2月,对皮划艇、赛艇和帆船帆板项目国家冬季集训的优秀运动员进行伤病的医学筛查,对伤病分布部位以及不同运动项目之间的伤病差别进行统计和分析。结果奥运水上项目优秀运动员的伤病部位在不同项目之间有各自的特点。皮划艇项目伤病前3位分别是腰部、肩部和肘部,分别占全部伤病的37.9%、20.7%和17.2%;赛艇项目伤病前3位分别是腰部、膝部和臀部,分别占全部伤病的42.1%、31.6%和10.5%;而帆船帆板项目伤病前3位分别是膝部、腰部和肩部,分别占全部伤病的37.0%、29.6%和11.1%。不同项目之间腰背痛发生的实际部位存在差异。肩、肘部伤病主要发生在皮划艇项目。膝部伤病在赛艇项目中主要发生在单侧,而在帆船帆板项目中则常为双侧。结论水上运动项目不同单项的伤病有各其自身的特点,发生的原因主要与其运动模式有关;应具体分析各运动项目的伤病特点,从解剖学、生理学和运动生物力学角度有针对性地展开伤病预防和治疗研究。Objective To investigate characteristics of injury sites and analyze causes of injuries in elite athletes of national training teams of Olympic aquatic sports. Methods From November 2013 to February 2014, medical screening and epidemiological analysis were conducted in elite athletes of canoeing, rowing, sailing and windsurfing. Injury site and difference of aquatic sports were analyzed. Results Each aquatic sport had its own characteristics in the distribution of injury sites. Top three injury sites of canoeing were wrist, shoulder and elbow, accounting for 37.9%, 20.7% and 17.2% respectively. Top three sites of rowing were wrist, knee, and buttock, accounting for 42.1%, 31.6%, and 10.5% respectively. Top three sites of sailing and windsurfing were knee, wrist, and shoulder, accounting for 37.0%, 29.6% and 11.1% respectively. Actual sites of back pain showed differences in aquatic sports above. Shoulder and elbow injuries mainly occurred in canoeing. Unilateral knee injury tended to be in rowing, while bilateral knee injury tended to be in sailing and windsurfing. Conclusions All Olympic aquatic sports have their own characteristics, and occurrence are related with sport modes. Features of injuries should be analyzed individually to facilitate prevention and treatment at the view of anatomy, biology and sports biomechanics.

关 键 词：运动员 流行病学研究 累积性伤害 体育运动 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]