原油脱氯反应的模拟研究  

Simulation research on dechlorination reaction

作　　者：那心慧 姜铁辉 张连红[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁石油化工大学化学化工与环境学部,辽宁省抚顺市113001

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2015年第12期36-39,共4页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：设计了一种模拟原油脱有机氯的工艺过程,分别选用C_3H_5ClO为脱氯对象,乙醇钠(E)、亚硝酸钠(D)2种亲核试剂和环氧氯丙烷作反应物,四正丁基溴化铵(A_1)、四甲基硝酸铵(A_2)、四丁基硫酸氢铵(A_3)3种季铵盐作相转移催化剂。实验结果表明,乙醇钠(E)为亲核试剂时,其脱氯率高于亚硝酸钠(D),并且适当增加反应温度、延长反应时间有利于有机氯的脱除。当以D为亲核试剂,m(A_1):m(A_3)=1:2时,最佳反应温度为104℃,反应1h,脱氯率达到最大值27.41%。当以E为亲核试剂,m(A_2):m(A_3)=1:2时,最佳反应温度为110℃,反应1h,脱氯率达到39.51%。当以D为亲核试剂,m(A_1):m(A_2)=1:2时,最佳反应时间70 min,脱氯率达到最高值26.85%;当以E为亲核试剂,m(A_1):m(A_2)=2:1时,最佳反应时间70 min,脱氯率达到最高值38.40%。Dechlorination process for organochlorines in crude oil is simulated with C_3H_5C1O as dechlorination subject,sodium ethylate（E） and sodium nitrite（D） which are the nucleophilic reagents and propylene oxide as reactants and quaternary ammonium salts such as four n-butyl ammonium bromide（A_1）,tetramethyl ammonium nitrate（A_2）,tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate（A_3） as phase-transfer catalysts.The test results show that,when sodium ethylate（E） is used as the nucleophilic reagent,the dechlorination rate is higher than that of sodium nitrite（D）;The higher reaction temperature and longer reaction time are favorable for the improvement of removal of organochlorines.When the sodium nitrite（D） is applied as the nucleophilic reagent and m（A_1）：m（A_3） is 1：2,the optimum reaction temperature is 104 ℃,the optimum reaction time is1 hour and the removal rate of organic chlorines reaches 27.41%.When sodium ethylate（E） is used as the nucleophilic reagent and m（A_2）：m（A_3） is 1：2,the optimum reaction temperature is 110℃,the optimum reaction time is 1 hour and the removal rate of organic chlorines reaches 39.51%.When sodium nitrite（D） is used as the nucleophilic reagent and m（A_1）：m（A_2） is 1：2,the optimum reaction time is 70 minutes and the removal rate of organic chlorines reaches 26.85%.When sodium ethylate（E） is used as the nucleophilic reagent and m（A_1）：m（A_2） is 2：1,the optimum reaction time is 70 minutes and the removal rate of organic chlorines reaches 38.40%.

关 键 词：有机氯 亲核试剂 季铵盐 原油脱氯 模拟 

分 类 号：TE624.1[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]