应用风险评估数学模型对沙井街道企业作业场所中有机毒物排序分析  

Application of risk assessment model in rank methodology for organic toxicants in workplaces of Shajing street enterprises

作　　者：邱星元 边寰锋 余新天 代浩[2] 谢亮 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市宝安区沙井预防保健所,518104 [2]武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第24期3376-3378,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的建立深圳市沙井街道涉有机溶剂企业作业场所优先控制、排序的风险评估数学模型,探讨其在职业病预防工作的作用,以达到从管理上优先治理和控制涉有机溶剂职业病危害较重的作业场所。方法以沙井街道涉有机溶剂作业场所为研究对象,借鉴美国毒物与疾病登记署(ATSDR)和环境保护署(EPA)的优先污染物筛选和排序方法及国内外先进经验,建立风险评估数学模型。结果涉有机溶剂企业共调查160家,在涉有机溶剂企业作业场所中检测的9种有机溶剂中,共检测1 964个点,能取得出数值的有168个点,其中超标的有56个点。超标点中存在的有毒物质为甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯和正己烷,超标率分别为2.7%、1.4%、47.6%、1.4%。涉有机溶剂企业优先控制排序的有机毒物依次是三氯乙烯、甲苯、正己烷、二甲苯、苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸丁酯。结论建立涉有机溶剂企业优先控制排序数学模型对该街道预防职业病有重要的指导意义。[Objective]To establish a mathematical models of risk assessment in priority control and sorting of workplaces of organic solvent enterprise in Shajing Subdistrict of Shenzhen City, to discuss its effect on occupational disease control, so as to achieve the aim of priority governance in management and control of workplaces with organic solvent occupational hazards seriously. [Methods]Relying on research object in the organic solvent enterprise workplace of Shajing Subdistrict, mathematical models of risk assessment was built based on screening and sorting priority pollutants reference methods of the advanced experience of the U.S. ATSDR and EPA.[Results]Totally 160 organic solvent enterprises were surveyed. By investigating a total of 9 kinds of toxic chemicals, the monitored points were 1 964, 168 had a numerical value, 56 over standards. The exceeding standard rates of concentration of toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene and n-hexane were 1.4%, 2.7%, 47.6%, 1.4%, respectively. The first 9 kinds of organic toxicants preferred governance in the organic solvent enterprise was followed by trichlgroethylene, n-hexane, toluene, xylene, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, butanone, butyl acetate.[Conclusion]Building the priority control mathematical model on occupational disease prevention and control has an important guiding significance for the occupational disease prevention and control in this subdistrict.

关 键 词：工作场所 有机溶剂 风险评估数学模型 排序 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]