北海市沿海地区渔民的儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率及其影响因素  

Coverage rate of immunization program vaccines and its influencing factors among fishermen's children living in coastal areas of Beihai City

作　　者：周玲[1] 吴德仁[1] 朱小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区北海市疾病预防控制中心,536000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第24期3432-3435,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解北海市沿海地区渔民的儿童免疫规划疫苗接种情况,为指导今后免疫规划工作和制定相应策略提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法及按容量比例概率抽样方法抽取2010年1月1日—2013年12月31日出生的1 972名儿童进行"五苗"[卡介苗(BCG)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)、百白破疫苗(DTP)、含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(Hep B)]接种情况调查,并采用非条件logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 1 972名儿童建卡率为98.88%,建证率为97.01%。BCG、OPV、DTP、MCV和Hep B基础免疫合格接种率分别为100.00%、94.22%、93.61%、92.29%、93.91%,"五苗"全程合格接种率为90.57%。沿海乡镇为80.65%,低于城区及其他乡镇,差异有统计学意义(χ2=107.16,P<0.01)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,沿海地区儿童、外地户籍、无接种卡、高年龄组儿童、前往接种单位交通方式均是儿童"五苗"全程接种率低的影响因素。结论北海市儿童计划免疫基础免疫合格接种率保持在中低水平,尤其是沿海薄弱的地区基础免疫合格接种率较低,应加强薄弱地区的预防接种工作。[Objective]To understand the coverage rate of immunization program vaccines among fishermen＇s children living in coastal areas of Beihai City, provide a scientific basis for guiding the further immune programming work and formulating related strategy.[Methods]1 972 resident children born from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 were collected by stratified cluster random sampling and proportional probability sampling, and were surveyed for the coverage rates of five-vaccines, including the BCG, OPV, DTP, MCV and HepB. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. [Results]Among 1 972 children, the rates of children with immunization record in clinic and card held by their parents was 98.88% and 97.01% respectively. The immunization coverage rate of BCG, OPV, DTP, MCV and HepB was respectively 100%, 94.22%, 93.61%, 92.29% and 93.91%, and the complete coverage rate of above five vaccines was 90.75%, while the rate for children in coastal town was 80.65% , which was lower than that of downtown and other towns, and the differences were statistically significant （χ^2=107.16, P〈0.01 ）. Multiple-factors non-conditional Logistic regression showed that children living in coastal areas, non-local registered permanent, higher age group and the transportation mode to visit the vaccination institution were the main influencing factors leading to lower complete coverage rate of five-vaccines in coastal children. [Conclusion]The coverage rate of five-vaccines in immunization program has been maintained at a relatively lower-middle level among children in Beihai City, especially in the weak coastal areas. It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination in weak areas.

关 键 词：免疫规划 接种率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]