176例输血不良反应的分析  

Analysis and prevention of adverse transfusion reactions from 2012 to 2014

作　　者：陈月宽[1] 颜利江[1] 费良芬 刘福慧[1] 徐艳[1] 黄美容[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属医院输血科,贵州遵义563003

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2015年第12期1504-1506,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的分析成分输血引起输血不良反应的原因,探讨降低输血不良反应发生的措施,保障临床输血安全。方法回顾本院2012年1月至2014年12月57 171例患者输注血液制品的临床资料和《输血反应回报单》,统计成分输血发生不良反应的情况,分析输血不良反应的特征。结果 176例发生输血不良反应,以非溶血性发热反应和过敏反应为主,未报告其它输血不良反应及输血副作用。不良反应发生率0.31%,其中各种血液成分输注以过敏反应最高,占0.21%,非溶血性发热反应占0.09%,其它反应占0.01%;血液成分输注发生不良反应以手工血小板最高,占1.05%,非溶血性发热反应与过敏反应分别占0.26%,0.69%,其次是机采血小板,占0.56%,最后是新鲜、普通冰冻血浆和悬浮红细胞,分别占0.29%、0.20%,冷沉淀不良反应最低,占0.11%,未见输注洗涤红细胞发生任何不良反应,本院成分输血率占99.98%,全血使用率比较少,也未见全血发生输血不良反应。结论导致成分输血不良反应以过敏反应为主,临床医务人员应严格掌握输血指征及适应症,选择合适的血液成分或血液制品输注,加强临床医护人员及输血工作者对输血不良反应知识的掌握,制订输血不良反应处理措施,规范和认真执行输血操作规程,降低输血反应,从而保障和提高输血的安全性和有效性。Objective To analyze and explore the causes of adverse reactions from blood transfusion by component transfusion and the measures to reduce adverse blood transfusion reactions in order to ensure the safety transfusion. Methods Clinical data and blood transfusion reports were analyzed in 57 171 patients from January 2012 to December 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College Hospital. Adverse reactions from blood transfusion were counted to reflect the characteristics of adverse reactions of blood transfusion. Results 176 patients presented adverse reactions from blood transfusion which were mainly non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and anaphylaxis without other adverse reactions and side effects of blood transfusion. The incidence of adverse reactions was 0. 31%,among which anaphylaxis,non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and other reactions accounted for 0. 21%,0. 09% and 0. 01%,respectively. From component transfusion,platelets collected manually caused the highest rate of adverse effects,at 1. 05%,of which non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and anaphylaxis accounted for 0. 26% and 0. 69%,followed by aphaeresis platelets,which accounted for 0. 56%.Fresh frozen plasma and suspended red blood cells made up 0. 29% and 0. 20% of adverse effects,and cryo accounted for the lowest,at 0. 11%. No adverse reactions were found due to transfusion of washed red blood cells. The rate of blood component transfusion was 99. 98% in our hospital,and whole blood transfusion occurred relatively less frequently,in which adverse reactions from blood transfusion were not recorded. Conclusion The main cause of adverse reactions from blood transfusion is anaphylaxis. Clinical medical workers should strictly follow transfusion indications and choose appropriate blood components and blood products. Knowledge of adverse reactions of blood transfusion should be obtained by relevant medical personnels. Measures to deal with adverse reactions of blood transfusion should be made and blood transfusion operati

关 键 词：输血不良反应 发热反应 过敏反应 预防措施 

分 类 号：R457.13[医药卫生—治疗学]