中、美两国服务业国际竞争力比较分析——基于全球价值链视角的研究  

International Competitiveness of China and US's Service Industry—Based on Global Value Chain

作　　者：尹伟华[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家信息中心经济预测部,100045

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2015年第12期41-51,共11页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目"全球价值链视角下的中国进出口贸易分解及对经济发展的影响研究"(编号:15CTJ002)

摘　　要：该文基于全球价值链视角,根据世界投入产出表和修正的显性比较优势指数较全面地测算和分析了1995-2011年中美两国服务业的国际竞争力。研究表明:(1)基于出口增加值测算的NRCA指数更加准确,有利于纠正"高估"或"低估"国际竞争力的现象。(2)中国服务业表现出整体持续性的比较劣势,而美国则表现出持续性的比较优势,但是,中美两国的差距呈现不断缩小趋势。(3)中国服务业中明显具有持续性比较优势的产业部门主要集中于劳动密集型和资本密集型服务业,而美国则主要集中于知识密集型服务业。(4)中美两国知识密集型服务业的NRCA指数呈现出相似的上升趋势,而劳动密集型和资本密集型服务业的NRCA指数却表现出相异的变化趋势。(5)中国资本密集型服务业的NRCA指数保持在较高水平,是中国服务业参与国际竞争的"可依托"产业,而美国知识密集型服务业具有极强的国际竞争力,是美国服务业参与国际竞争的"主导"产业。According to the modified revealed comparative advantage（RCA）index,the paper analyzes the international competitiveness of China and US＇s service industry using 1995-2011 world input-output tables（WIOTs）.Our studies indicate the following：（1）the new revealed comparative advantage（NRCA）index using the added value of exports is more accurately,to correct the ＂overvalued＂ or ＂ undervalued＂ the phenomenon of international competitiveness.（2）China＇s service industry has made comparative disadvantage,while US＇s service industry has made significantly comparative advantage.And the gap is narrowing.（3）China＇s comparative advantage concentrated in the field of labor-intensive and capital intensive services,while US＇s comparative advantage concentrated in the field of knowledge-intensive services.（4）The comparative advantage of China and US＇s knowledge-intensive services present a similar rising trend,while the comparative advantage of labor-intensive and capital intensive services present a contrary trend.（5）The capital intensive services,which have a strong competitive advantage,are dominant industry in China to participate in international competition,while the knowledgeintensive services are dominant industry in US to participate in international competition.

关 键 词：国际竞争力 全球价值链 显性比较优势 世界投入产出表 

分 类 号：F064.2[经济管理—政治经济学]