病原微生物实验室实验操作产生气溶胶风险定量研究  

Risk quantification of microbiological aerosol generated by experimental operations in pathogenic microbiological labs

作　　者：杜茜[1,2] 王洪宝[3] 刘克洋[2] 张柯[2] 杨文慧[2] 胡凌飞[2] 王洁[2] 李娜[2] 温占波[2] 李劲松[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京军区联勤部第五干休所,北京100010 [2]军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所,病原微生物生物安全国家重点实验室,北京100071 [3]军事医学科学院实验动物中心,北京100071

出　　处：《军事医学》2015年第12期926-928,933,共4页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2014AA021404);国家科技重大专项资助项目(2012ZX10004402)

摘　　要：目的使用指示细菌、病毒代替有传染性的细菌、病毒,研究实验操作产生的微生物气溶胶风险,为相关实验室活动的风险评估提供科学数据。方法负压实验室内用高浓度指示细菌和病毒(噬菌体)进行实验室中多种实验操作产生的气溶胶风险,包括高浓度吹吸混匀、高浓度培养瓶意外跌落、离心管破裂产生的气溶胶风险实验。安德森六级采样器主动采样和沉降平皿被动采样两种方法进行微生物气溶胶采样。根据采样结果得到各种实验操作产生的气溶胶风险。结果在模拟的各种正常和意外事故的实验室操作中,在模拟测试条件下高浓度气溶胶吹吸在局部环境中产生的细菌气溶胶风险最高浓度为1174菌落形成单位(CFU)/m^3、病毒气溶胶最高浓度为1058噬斑形成单位(PFU)/m^3,高浓度培养瓶破碎产生的细菌气溶胶风险最高浓度为7957 CFU/m^3、病毒为7942PFU/m^3,离心管破裂时产生的细菌气溶胶风险最高浓度为80 CFU/m^3、病毒为78 PFU/m^3。结论病原微生物实验操作中存在着产生很高微生物气溶胶的风险。实验人员要遵守操作规程,选择合适的防护装备。Objective To obtain data on risk assessment of microbiological aerosol generated by experimental operations in pathogenic microbiological labs using indicator bacteria and viruses with no infection. Methods The negative pressure lab was used as the experimental environment. Indicator bacteria and viruses（ bacteriophages） of a high concentration were used. Many experimental operations and accidental cases were simulated in the lab,including mix-up,accidental fall-off,centrifugal operation,and breaking of centrifugal tubes. The risk of microbiological aerosol generated by these experimental operations was analyzed by quantitative air sampling using Andersen sampler and natural agar sedimentation methods.Results The risk of microbiological aerosol generated by ordinary experimental operations and accidental cases was different. The highest risk of mix-up operation of bacterial aerosol was 1174 colony forming unit（ CFU） / m^3 and that of viral aerosol was 1058 plaque forming unit（ PFU） / m^3. The highest risk of accidental fall-off of cultivation flasks of bacterial aerosol was 7957 vs 7942 PFU / m^3 in viral aerosol. The highest risk of centrifugal tube breaking of bacterial aerosol was80 CFU / m^3 vs 78 PFU / m^3 in viral aerosol. Conclusion Experimental operations in pathogenic microbiological lab can generate high risk of bacterial and viral aerosol. Laboratory personnel should abide by the rules and select the appropriate protective equipment.

关 键 词：病原微生物实验室 实验操作 气溶胶风险 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]