2014年山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析  

An analysis of monitoring data of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi Province in 2014

作　　者：段虎顺[1,2] 王三祥[3] 贾清珍[3] 王正辉[3] 吴赵明[3] 李鹏飞3 程晓天[4] 武敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学教研室,太原030001 [2]山西省地方病防治研究所医技科,临汾041000 [3]山西省地方病防治研究所大骨节病、氟中毒、砷中毒研究室 [4]山西省地方病防治研究所检验室

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2016年第2期123-126,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方重大公共卫生服务地方病防治项目（2014）

摘　　要：目的动态监控饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水工程落实进度和质量，掌握病情变化趋势，评价防控措施效果。方法2014年，按照《全国饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案》要求，选择阳高、定襄、小店、太谷、襄汾、临猗6个县（区）的18个村作为监测点。采集监测村居民生活饮用水水样进行水氟含量测定，并调查改水工程运行情况。水样测定采用生活饮用水标准检验方法（GB／T5750．5．2006）。依据《氟斑牙诊断》（WS／T208．2011）标准对监测村全部8-12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查和判定。对监测村25岁以上人群进行氟骨症X线检查，收集尿样并测定尿氟含量；氟骨症诊断按照《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》（WS192．2008）执行，尿氟含量测定采用氟离子选择电极法。结果18个监测村中，已改水村16个、未改水村2个。已改水村中，小型改水工程15处，占93．75％（15／16）；大型改水工程1处，占6．25％（1／16）；有10处改水工程水氟合格，水氟范围为0．11-1．00mg／L，水氟合格率为62．50％（10／16）；有6处改水工程水氟超标，水氟范围为1．69—2．91mg／L，水氟超标率为37．5％（6／16）。2个未改水村，水氟平均含量分别为2．59、2．62mg／L。水氟含量合格的监测村、超标的监测村、未改水的监测村儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为20．00％（147／735）、44．89％（224／499）、48．42％（46／95），氟斑牙检出率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=99．32，P〈0．01）；3个组成人X线氟骨症检出率分别为4．67％（21／450）、3．00％（9／300）、9．00％（9／100）；人群尿氟的例数分别为450、205、100，尿氟几何均值分别为1．57、3．48、2．05mg／L。结论山西省改水降氟防控饮水型氟中毒工作成效明显，但受高氟危害的病区依然存在，改水工程质量亟待改善，防治形势依然严峻。Objective To dynamically monitor the implementation progress and the quality of the water quality improvement project in drinking water type of endemic fluorosis areas, to learn the condition change tendency, and to evaluate the effect of control measures. Methods According to ＂The Plan of Surveillance on Drinking-water-borne Endemic Fluorosis in China＂, 18 villages in 6 counties were selected as monitoring sites in Yanggao, Dingxiang, Xiaodian, Taigu, Xiangfen, Linyi counties. Water fluoride content in residents＂ drinking water samples was determined in moniforing counties and villages, and the operation of water supply projects was investigated. The fluorine content in water samples was determined according to the standard testing methods for drinking water （GB/T 5750.5-2006）. All children aged 8 to 12 of the survey villages were examined and determined dental fluorosis using ＂Diagnostic of Dental Fluorosis＂ （WS/T 208-2011）. People of over 25 years old in monitoring counties were selected to be examined skeletal fluorosis by X-ray and the content of urinary fluoride was determined, and they were examined by X-ray according to ＂Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis＂ （WS 192-2008）, and the urinary fluoride content was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method. Results A total of 18 villages were monitored, 16 had changed the water, 2 had not changed the water. In water changed villages, small water projects were 15, accounted for 93.75% （15/16）; large water project was 1, accounted for 6.25% （1/16）; all projects were in normal operation, 10 of the projects provided water with normal fluoride, the range of water fluoride content was 0.11 - 1.00 mg/L, the qualified rate of water fluoride content was 62.50% （10/16）; 6 of the projects provided water with fluoride exceeded the standard, the range of water fluoride content was 1.69 - 2.91 mg/L, the rate of water fluoride content exceeded was 37.5% （6/16）. Water fluoride content of the two villages which

关 键 词：水 氟 结果评价 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]