贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒综合防治效果调查  

An evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning-borne endemic tluorosis in Gnizhou Province

作　　者：张伯友[1] 李达圣[1] 高静[1] 叶红兵[1] 王晓明[1] 胡小强[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治研究所流行病科,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2016年第2期127-131,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：贵州省卫生厅科学技术基金（gzwkj2012-1-119）

摘　　要：目的评估健康教育和改良炉灶防治燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒（简称燃煤型氟中毒）的效果。方法2014年，将2006年落实综合防治的11个县按防治前病区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分为：低检出率（检出率〈60％）、中检出率（检出率为60％-90％）、高检出率（检出率〉90％）三类病区。每类病区抽取1个县，分别为钟山、六枝、习水，每个县抽取2个乡，对全体在校8～12岁儿童按《氟斑牙诊断》进行检查。在抽中的乡中，每个乡抽取2个村。每个村抽取20户家庭户和4～6年级的1个班学生调查氟中毒防治知识知晓情况和家庭户炉灶使用、粮食干燥及淘洗等相关生活行为情况。结果钟山、六枝、习水3个县8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为5．49％（198／3607）、8．33％（72／864）、12．46％（179／1437），均明显低于防治前[41．88％（93L／2223）、61．91％（4863/7855）、91．25％（2439／2673）]，差异均有统计学意义（x2=1166．43、909．56、2508．96，P均〈0．01）。学生知晓率分别为78．03％（792／1015）、84．93％（1465／1725）、80．18％（910／1135），均明显高于防治前[23．19％（640／2760）、47．41％（2368／4995）、40．25％（3405／8460）]，差异均有统计学意义（x2=947．96、736．61、644．69，P均〈0．01）。户主知晓率分别为86．75％（347／400）、95．25％（381／400）、86．25％（345／400），均明显高于防治前[17．78％（80／450）、37．20％（279／750）、25．27％（139／550）]，差异均有统计学意义（x2=402．97、359．49、344．55，P均〈0．01）。炉灶合格且能正确使用的家庭户占调查户数的百分比分别为96．25％（77／80）、96．25％（771／80）、93．75％（75／80），均明显高于防治前[4．92％（348／7078）、21．51％（7461／34693）、6．73％（475／7062）]，差异均有统计学意义（）（。：1181．55、2Objective To evaluate the effects of health education and improved stoves on control of coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province. Methods In 2014, according to the detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 before implementing control measures, 11 counties were divided into three layers： low detection rate （detection rate was less than 60%）, medium detection rate （detection rate from 60% to 90%） and high detection rate （detection rate was greater than 90%）. One county was selected from each layer and two towns were selected in each county. According to the ＂Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis＂ （WS/T 208-2011）, dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 - 12 was examined in all towns; At the same time, in the 2 villages in each town, 20 households and students of one class in grade 4 to 6 were selected to survey knowledge about prevention and control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis; and to survey the situation of improved stoves, drying and elutriation of corn and chillies, and related life behavior. Results The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 was 5.49% （198/3 607）, 8.33% （72/864）, 12.46% （179/1 437）, and it was significantly lower than before implementing control measures [41.88% （931/2 223）, 61.91% （4 863/7 855）, 91.25%（2 439/2 673）, X2 = 1 166.43, 909.56, 2 508.96, all P 〈 0.01]. Correct answer rates of students about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 78.03% （792/1 015）, 84.93% （1 465/1 725） and 80.18% （910/1 135）, the correct answer rates of knowledge were significantly higher than those before implementing control measures [23.19% （640/2 760）, 47.41% （2 368/4 995） and 40.25% （3 405/8 460）, ~2 = 947.96, 736.61, 644.69, all P 〈 0.01]. Correct answer rates of family householders about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 86.75% （347/400）, 95.25% （381/400） and 86.25% （345/400）, the correct answer rates of knowledge were higher than those before implementing control meas

关 键 词：氟中毒 煤 健康教育 改良炉灶 效果评价 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]