天桥泉域与黄河河段的补径排关系变化及其对河川径流的影响  

Change of the relationship between recharge, runoff and drainage of groundwater in Tianqiao spring region and Yellow River reach and its impact on runoff

作　　者：刘晓燕[1] 党素珍[2] 刘昌明[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会,郑州450003 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [4]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《地理学报》2016年第1期66-74,共9页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAB02B05);国家自然科学基金项目(41301030)~~

摘　　要：1973年以来,黄河中游河口镇至吴堡之间未控区的实测径流量大幅减少,甚至1/4年份出现负值;基于1956-1972年的降雨—径流关系,1973-2014年降雨条件的径流量偏少84%。分析认为,1973年以后,黄河该河段干流水库蓄水运行导致天桥泉域与黄河之间的补径排关系发生了变化,此变化不仅大幅减少了左岸泉水对黄河的补给量,而且增加了黄河向右岸岩溶含水层的渗漏量,是河口镇至吴堡之间未控区的实测径流大幅偏少的主要原因。本文通过不同时期的降雨径流关系对比,以及林草植被、梯田、用水和坝库水面蒸发等其他下垫面因素减水作用分析,推算出因泉水—河水补给关系变化而产生的黄河径流减少量,平均每年约6~8亿m3。Since 1973, the observed runoff of the uncontrolled areas of the section between Hekouzhen and Wubao of the Yellow River has remarkably decreased, or even, it had been dried up for a quarter of the years; based on the rainfall- runoff relationship between 1956 to1972, the observed runoff decreased by 84% under the rainfall condition from 1973 to 2014. In this paper, the analysis results showed that the relationship between recharge, runoff and drainage of groundwater and in the Tianqiao spring region of the Yellow River has changed because of reservoir operation along the main stream of this section. This not only significantly reduced the spring recharge into the Yellow River on the left bank, but also increased the amount of leakage to the karst aquifer on the right bank. It is the main reason for the remarkable observed runoff reduction of the uncontrolled areas of section between Hekouzhen and Wubao of the Yellow River. In comparison of rainfall- runoff relationships in different periods, and analysis of water reducing effect of other underlying factors, such as vegetation,terraces and surface water evaporation of dams, the calculation results showed that changes of the recharge relationship between spring water and runoff resulted in runoff reduction of about600-800 million m3 per year on average in the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄河 天桥泉域 岩溶水 径流 补给—径流—排泄关系 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]