长期不同施肥措施对雨养条件下陇东旱塬土壤氮素的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen under Rainfed Farming in Loess Plateau of East Gansu

作　　者：王婷[1,2] 李利利 周海燕 丁宁平 车宗贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省平凉市农业科学研究所,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第1期177-188,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学资金项目(31560584);甘肃省农业科学院创新专项(2013GAAS12)"资助~~

摘　　要：基于1978年开始的陇东旱塬定位试验,分析雨养条件下麦田0~100 cm剖面土壤氮素状况。设计6种试验处理：不施肥、氮肥、氮磷肥、氮磷配施秸秆、有机肥、氮磷配施有机肥。结果表明：有机肥、氮磷配施有机肥处理改善土壤氮素肥力效果优于其他施肥措施,0~40 cm土层全氮、碱解氮、无机氮含量均显著增加,其中0~20 cm土壤全氮较36年前平均提高了26.2%;氮磷配施秸秆处理土壤全氮及碱解氮显著高于对照,全氮与试验前持平或略有提升;氮肥、氮磷肥处理的耕层土壤全氮较试验前分别降低了13.1%和6.4%。氮肥处理深层土壤硝态氮明显较高,其他各施肥处理均能减少硝态氮下移。不同施肥处理改变了土壤的无机氮构成,有机肥与秸秆的作用有较大差异。结果说明不同施肥显著影响农田土壤氮素状况,施用有机肥是培育土壤氮库、而无机氮磷肥配合及有机无机配施是减少NO3--N下移的有效手段。The Loess Plateau of East Gansu is a typical area where rainfed farming prevails. To understand effects of long-term fertilization on soil nitrogen in soil profile is something very meaningful to farmers in doing fertilization in this area and to researchers in enriching scientific knowledge of soil nitrogen nutrition as well. From wheat fields of a long-term fertilization experiment that started in 1978 and had six treatments,i.e.,no fertilizer（CK）,nitrogen only（N）,nitrogen and phosphorous（NP）,nitrogen and phosphorous combined with straw return（SNP）,manure only（M）,nitrogen and phosphorous combined with manure（MNP）,soil samples were collected during the booting and summer fallow stages of wheat in 2014 for analysis of soil total nitrogen（total-N）,soil available nitrogen（ava-N）,soil mineral nitrogen（min-N）and composition of min-N. Results showed that treatments M and MNP obviously improved soil nitrogen nutrition and were significantly higher than the other treatments in total-N,ava-N,min-N in the 0~40 cm soil layers. No big difference in soil total-N was found between the two treatments. They both increased soil total N by 26.2% on averagely in the 0~20 cm soil layer over the original value in the year of 1978 when the experiment started. Treatment SNP was higher in total-N and ava-N than CK but significantly lower than treatments M and MNP. However,total-N in treatment SNP remained almost the same as or was just slightly higher than the original value. Though treatment NP was quite low in total-N and ava-N,it was still higher than treatments N and CK. Treatments N and NP were 13.1% and 6.4%,respectively,lower than the original value in total-N of the 0~20 cm soil layer. The treatments did not vary much in absolute value of NH4＋-N concentration in the soil profiles,but treatment N stood out in NO3--N concentration throughout the 0~100 cm soil profile,while the other treatments were higher in the topsoil and sub-topsoil layers than in the 40~100 cm or 60~100 cm soil layer. All

关 键 词：长期定位试验 不同施肥制度 土壤氮素特征 陇东旱塬 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]