周口店第一地点西剖面2009-2010年发掘报告  

A Report of the 2009-2010 Field Excavations at the West Section of Zhoukoudian Loc.1

作　　者：张双权[1] 高星[1] 陈福友[1] 李俨 张乐[1] 张晓凌[1] 栗静舒 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]北京市房山区周口店北京人遗址管理处,北京102405

出　　处：《人类学学报》2016年第1期63-75,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-15);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130302);国家自然科学基金项目(41302017)

摘　　要：周口店第一地点再次发掘的主要目的在于提升遗址西剖面的保护状态与水平,同时也为东亚直立人演化方面某些焦点问题的研究与解决提供机遇与可能。2009-2010年,在西剖面最顶部堆积(即第三层)的野外发掘中共计出土大中型动物化石材料约800件。埋藏学研究表明,西剖面第三层中葛氏斑鹿(Cervus(Sika)grayi)等动物属种的骨骼富集并非古人类生存行为的结果;石制品以及古人类化石材料的缺失也在一定程度上印证了这一结论。结合发掘过程中揭露出来的一系列洞穴坍塌事件的证据,我们初步认为,至少在第三层堆积形成时期,第一地点西剖面位置处的洞穴形态并不适合于古人类的栖居活动;葛氏斑鹿等骨骼材料则是当时在遗址附近活动的各种动物因意外因素陷落于其中而得以聚集的。Re-excavation of the Peking man site at Zhoukoudian was initiated with an aim mainly to enhance the preservation of the extant West Section of the site on the one hand and to promote our understanding of some key elements of the evolutionary history of Asia Homo erectus on the other. Roughly 800 macro-mammal bones were uncovered from Layer 3, the uppermost stratum during field seasons 2009-2010. A taphonomic analysis of the skeletal remains of Cervus （Sika） grayi, the most dominant species of the fauna strongly negates a role played by hominins in the accumulation and modification of this assemblage. The virtual absence of stone artifacts and human skeletal remains has further strengthened this conclusion. Bearing in mind evidence of a series of cave collapse episodes, we tentatively propose that the cave morphology during the formation of Layer 3 at the West Section was probably inhospitable to Homo erectus pelcinensis, which should have been responsible for human habitation patterns within the cave; animals of the time were probably trapped in the cave by accident and eventually preserved in situ in the Quaternary sediments.

关 键 词：旧石器时代早期 周口店第一地点 西剖面 埋藏学 动物考古学 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]