生物炭/DCD对于淮河流域主要类型土壤NO_3^--N淋失的影响  

Impact of Biochar/DCD on NO_3^--N leaching in the main soil types in Huai-river basin

作　　者：曹宏磊[1,2] 朱宁远[1,2] 颜廷梅[1] 乔俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期56-64,共9页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重大科技专项(2012ZX07204-003-002)

摘　　要：针对淮河流域主要土壤类型(潮土和砂姜黑土),通过土壤中添加生物炭(Biochar)和硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD),研究其对土壤NO_3^--N淋失以及夏玉米产量的影响,进而为淮河流域农田氮淋失控制策略提供理论依据.研究结果表明:相比于常规施肥处理(N1),潮土试验氮肥减量25%(N0.75)、DCD和Biochar三种处理,可显著降低NO_3^--N的淋溶损失,其降低率分别为40.8%、31.5%和19.0%;砂姜黑土试验N0.75和Biochar处理可分别使NO_3^--N淋失减少16.5%和34.7%,而DCD处理对于NO_3^--N淋失没有影响.潮土和砂姜黑土N0.75处理夏玉米产量略低于N1处理,但差异均不显著,表明适当的氮肥减量在当地是可行的.综上所述,N0.75和Biochar两种处理在潮土和砂姜黑土上均可在保证夏玉米产量的同时,明显减少NO_3^--N的淋溶损失,且DCD处理在潮土上施用具有同样效果.N0.75、DCD及Biochar作为推荐的施肥措施均可应用于淮河流域典型区域,至于不同处理配合施用能否同时兼顾减少氮淋失风险及保证稳产高产的双重需求,值得进一步试验研究.Aiming at the optimal fertilization strategy for the alluvial soil and lime concretion black soil in summer maize season,an experiment was carried out to study the impact of Biochar/DCD on NO_3^--N leaching and crop yield.Results indicated that in alluvial soil,in 25% nitrogen reduction treatment（N0.75）,treatment with nitrification inhibitor（DCD）and biochar treatments could decrease NO_3^--N leaching by 40.8%,31.5% and 19.0%,respectively,compared with conventional fertilization treatment（N1）;as to lime concretion black soil,N0.75 and Biochar treatments could reduce NO_3^--N leaching by 16.5% and 34.7%,respectively,but DCD makes no difference.The yield of N0.75 treatment is lower than N1 treatment in alluvial soil and lime concretion black soil,but the difference is insignificant,which shows that appropriate nitrogen reduction is practicable.In conclusion,N0.75 and Biochar treatments are not only able to reduce NO_3^--N leaching losses,but also able to get an appropriate yield in both alluvial soil and lime concretion soil,while DCD has the same effect in alluvial soil at the same time.All of the aforementioned fertilization measures are applicable in Huai River basin.However,it＇s worth further research whether the combination of different treatments could balance the risk of N leaching and the crop yield.

关 键 词：面源污染 氮肥减量 水分平衡 氮淋失 产量 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]