动车组轴箱弹簧多响应稳健优化设计方法  

Multi-Response Robust Optimization Design Method for EMU Axle Box Spring

作　　者：李永华[1] 董少迪 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2016年第1期100-107,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11202041);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(2014J004-O);辽宁省自然科学基金优秀人才培育项目(2014028020);辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目(L2013182)

摘　　要：为使质量、刚度、自然频率等弹簧的质量特性不受簧条直径、弹簧中径、工作圈数、剪切模量及密度等弹簧自身参数变化的影响,研究基于信噪比和物理规划法的动车组轴箱弹簧多响应稳健优化设计方法。采用正交试验设计的方法计算弹簧各质量特性的值及对应的信噪比值,并用最小二乘法拟合得到多响应质量特性的信噪比函数;根据设计者对弹簧各质量特性的偏好,采用物理规划法建立满足设计要求且对应信噪比函数的偏好函数,再以此为设计目标,并以弹簧的自身参数为边界条件,强度、静挠度等为约束条件,构建动车组轴箱弹簧的多响应稳健优化模型;运用拉丁超立方抽样试验设计与多岛遗传算法结合的组合优化算法对优化模型进行求解,得到优化模型全局稳健性的最优解。以某动车组的轴箱弹簧为例,采用给出的方法计算弹簧各质量特性的稳健优化解,并与传统方法对比。结果表明:给出的方法能够实现轴箱弹簧多响应质量特性的稳健设计,并可为动车组其他零部件的稳健优化设计提供参考。A multi-response robust optimization design method for EMU axle box spring based on signal- to-noise ratio and physical programming was proposed to realize the robustness of EMU spring quality characteristics. The quality characteristics of spring involving the quality, stiffness and natural frequency were not influenced by the variations in the design parameters of the spring itself, such as spring bar diameter, spring diameter, working circle number, shear modulus, density and so on. The values of the spring quality characteristics and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio were calculated by the orthogonal experimental design method, and the signal-to-noise function of multi-response quality characteristics was obtained by fitting the least square method. The preference function corresponding to signal-to-noise ratio, which met the design requirements, was established by using physical programming according to the designer＇s preference for the quality characteristics of spring. The established preference function was used as the design objective. The multi-response robust optimization model of EMU axle box spring was constructed with the parameters of the spring itself as boundary conditions, with the strength and static deflection as constraints. A global robust optimal solution of the optimization model was solved through the combinatorial optimization with Latin hypercube sampling and multi-island genetic algorithm. Taking certain EMU axle box spring as an example, the robust optimal solution for spring quality characteristics was obtained by the proposed method. Compared with traditional method, the results indicate that the ro- bust design of the multi-response quality characteristics of axle box spring can be realized by the proposed method, which can provide references for the robust optimal design of other parts of EMU.

关 键 词：轴箱弹簧 多响应稳健优化 信噪比 物理规划法 动车组 质量特性 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]