重庆市垃圾焚烧厂汞的分布特征与大气汞排放因子研究  

Mercury Distribution Characteristics and Atmospheric Mercury Emission Factors of Typical Waste Incineration Plants in Chongqing

作　　者：段振亚[1,2] 苏海涛[1,2] 王凤阳[3,2] 张磊[3,2] 王书肖[3,2] 余斌 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学机电工程学院,青岛266061 [2]国家环境保护大气复合污染来源与控制重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [4]广州市环境监测中心站,广州510000

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第2期459-465,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2013CB430001);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J15LC16);广州市科技计划项目(2014J4100089)

摘　　要：垃圾焚烧是大气汞的重要排放源之一.为了解重庆市垃圾焚烧行业大气汞污染水平,研究选取了重庆市典型生活垃圾焚烧厂和医疗垃圾焚烧厂,采用美国环保署的30B标准方法对烟气汞排放进行了现场测试,同时采集垃圾焚烧后的飞灰和炉渣样品进行分析.结果表明,测试得到生活垃圾焚烧厂和医疗垃圾焚烧厂排放的烟气中汞质量浓度分别为(26.4±22.7)μg·m-3和(3.1±0.8)μg·m-3;生活垃圾和医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中汞含量分别为(5 279.2±798.0)μg·kg-1和(11 709.5±460.5)μg·kg-1.生活垃圾焚烧过程中仅0.7%汞残留在炉渣中,65.3%在飞灰中,烟气排放占34.0%,脱汞效率为66.0%;医疗垃圾焚烧过程中0.2%汞残留在炉渣中,67.5%存在飞灰中,烟气排放占32.3%,脱汞效率为67.7%.实测得到重庆市生活垃圾焚烧和医疗垃圾焚烧厂大气汞排放因子分别为(126.7±109.0)μg·kg-1和(46.5±12.0)μg·kg-1.与国内珠三角地区生活垃圾焚烧厂相比,重庆市生活垃圾焚烧厂的大气汞排放因子较低.Waste incineration is one of the important atmospheric mercury emission sources. The aim of this article is to explore the atmospheric mercury pollution level of waste incineration industry from Chongqing. This study investigated the mercury emissions from a municipal solid waste incineration plant and a medical waste incineration plant in Chongqing. The exhaust gas samples in these two incineration plants were obtained using USA EPA 30 B method. The mercury concentrations in the fly ash and bottom ash samples were analyzed. The results indicated that the mercury concentrations of the municipal solid waste and medical waste incineration plant in Chongqing were（ 26. 4 ± 22. 7） μg·m- 3and（ 3. 1 ± 0. 8） μg·m- 3in exhaust gas respectively,（ 5 279. 2 ± 798. 0） μg·kg- 1and（ 11 709. 5 ± 460. 5） μg·kg- 1in fly ash respectively. Besides,the distribution proportions of the mercury content from municipal solid waste and medical waste in exhaust gas,fly ash,and bottom ash were 34. 0%,65. 3%,0. 7% and 32. 3%,67. 5%,0. 2%respectively; The mercury removal efficiencies of municipal solid waste and medical waste incineration plants were 66. 0% and67. 7%,respectively. The atmospheric mercury emission factors of municipal solid waste and medical waste incineration plants were（ 126. 7 ± 109. 0） μg·kg- 1and（ 46. 5 ± 12. 0） μg·kg- 1respectively. Compared with domestic municipal solid waste incineration plants in the Pearl River Delta region,the atmospheric mercury emission factor of municipal solid waste incineration plant in Chongqing was lower.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧 汞排放因子 生活垃圾 医疗垃圾 分布特征 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X705