不同绿肥种植模式下玉米秸秆腐解特征研究  

Study on decomposition of maize straw under different green manure cropping patterns

作　　者：徐健程 王晓维[1,2] 朱晓芳[1,2] 邓晓东[1,2] 杨文亭[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第1期48-58,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360108);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20133603120005)资助

摘　　要：【目的】玉米是中国第一大粮食作物,如何处理大量的玉米秸秆成为玉米种植区面临的关键问题之一,深入研究冬种绿肥对玉米秸秆腐解释放的影响,对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。【方法】采用尼龙网袋法,通过对红壤旱地空闲(YCK)及紫花苜蓿(YZ)、黑麦草(YH)、肥田萝卜(YL)绿肥种植模式下玉米秸秆177 d的腐解量和养分释放的监测,分析玉米秸秆腐解速率及碳、氮、磷、钾的释放规律。【结果】四种种植模式下,玉米秸秆腐解及养分释放均呈现前期快后期慢的规律,7 d的腐解和养分释放速率均达到最大。翻压177 d时,四种种植模式下(YCK、YZ、YH、YL)玉米秸秆累积腐解量分别为23.41、21.22、20.86和20.95 g,玉米秸秆碳累积释放量分别为12.38、11.07、11.18、11.36 g,与YCK种植模式相比,YZ、YH、YL种植模式秸秆累积腐解量分别显著降低了9.3%、10.9%、10.5%,碳累积释放量则分别显著降低了10.6%、9.7%和8.3%;各处理氮累积释放量分别为479.46、513.04、442.58和530.20 mg,相比YCK种植模式,种植绿肥对玉米秸秆氮累积释放量的影响不显著,而YH种植模式较YZ和YL种植模式则显著降低了13.7%和16.5%。各处理磷累积释放量分别为58.10、57.91、58.47和59.47 mg,且YL种植模式较YCK种植模式显著提高了2.35%;翻压28 d时,各处理钾累积释放量为487.20、444.85、456.94和434.55 mg,分别占加入量的100.0%、91.3%、93.8%和89.2%,且三个种植模式均显著低于YCK种植模式,42 d时各处理的钾均全部释放。从玉米秸秆碳与氮、磷、钾比来看,翻压177 d时,与YCK种植模式相比,YZ和YL种植模式玉米秸秆碳氮比显著增加了102.8%、91.6%;YZ、YH、YL种植模式碳磷比分别显著增加了48.4%、72.4%、147.0%。翻压28 d时,YH种植模式玉米秸秆碳钾比较YL种植模式显著提高。【结论】玉米秸秆腐解及其养分释放速率均在翻压后第7天达到最大值,之后腐解和养分释放速【Objectives】Maize（ Zea mays L） is the largest grain crop in China,how to treat large amount of maize straw is one of key problems. Studying the effect of different winter green manure on the decomposition of maize straw is very important for the development of sustainable agriculture.【Methods】We used nylon bags under four different green manure cropping patterns [winter fallow（ YCK）,Medicago sativa L.（ YZ）,Lolium perenne L.（ YH）,Raphanus sativus L.（ YL） ]to assess residue decomposition dynamic and major nutrients release [carbon（ C）,nitrogen（ N）,phosphorus（ P） and potassium（ K） ]of maize straw within 177 days in red soil.【Results】The decomposition and nutrient release rates in maize straw were fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage under the four different green manure cropping patterns. The maximum decomposition and nutrient release rates both appeared at the 7th day after the maize straw was plowed into the red soil. At the 177 th day,the cumulative decomposition amounts in the maize straw were 23. 41,21. 22,20. 86 and 20. 95 g respectively under four green manure cropping patterns（ YCK,YZ,YH,YL）,and compared to YCK,YZ,YH and YL treatments were significantly decreased by 9. 3%,10. 9%,10. 5% respectively; the cumulative carbon release amounts were12. 38,11. 07,11. 18,11. 36 g respectively,were also significantly reduced by 10. 6%,9. 7% and 8. 3%respectively under the three treatments,compared to YCK. The cumulative N release amounts under each treatment were 479. 46,513. 04,442. 58 and 530. 20 mg respectively,compared with YCK,there was no significant difference under green manure treatments; but the cumulative N release amounts under YH was 13. 7% and 16. 5%lower than that under YZ and YL. For phosphorus,the cumulative release amounts were 58. 10,57. 91,58. 47 and59. 47 mg respectively,YL treatment significantly increased by 2. 35% compared to YCK. At the 28 th day,the cumulative release amount of K in each treatment was 487. 20,444. 85,456. 94 an

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 绿肥 腐解速率 养分释放 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S142.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]