贵州乌蒙烟区不同海拔烤烟碳氮代谢的差异  

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in different altitudes in Wumeng tobacco-growing area of Guizhou

作　　者：连培康 许自成[1] 孟黎明[1] 刘炳清[1] 翟欣 陈雪 黄化刚 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第1期143-150,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司重点科技攻关项目(GY2012-06)资助

摘　　要：【目的】碳氮代谢受各种酶的活性影响,其在烟叶生长和成熟过程中的动态变化直接或间接影响烟叶各类化学成分的含量和组成比例,对烟叶品质产生重要影响。本研究以云烟97为供试材料,通过比较不同海拔高度烤烟烟叶品质、细胞超微结构和碳氮代谢关键酶活性的差异,来探讨海拔高度对烟叶碳氮代谢的影响,以期为乌蒙烟区优质烤烟栽培提供参考依据。【方法】利用单因素方差分析和多重比较对烤烟常规化学成分进行比较分析;采用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,拍照并分析不同海拔高度细胞超微结构之间的差异;利用磺胺比色法测定硝酸还原酶活性,用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定淀粉酶活性和蔗糖转化酶活性;蔗糖合成酶活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的测定采用常用方法进行。【结果】1)乌蒙烟区烤烟糖含量较高,烟碱、总氮含量较为适宜,化学成分协调性较好;中海拔地区烟叶糖碱比,氮碱比均大于高、低海拔地区。2)从移栽后60天开始,中海拔地区烤烟淀粉粒数量和大小发生明显变化,淀粉粒体积的增大和数量的增多均明显优于同时期高、低海拔地区。3)中海拔地区烤烟在移栽后30天至50天期间,蔗糖转化酶活性大于高海拔地区,蔗糖合成酶、淀粉酶活性小于高海拔地区;在移栽后70天左右中海拔地区蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性最高,蔗糖合成酶活性居中,并最终使中海拔地区糖含量高于高、低海拔地区。在氮代谢方面,硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性变化较单一,均为先升高后降低,中海拔地区谷氨酰胺合成酶活性最高,不仅促进了烟叶的成熟落黄也使得中海拔地区总氮和烟碱含量低于高、低海拔地区。中海拔地区烤烟生长过程中酶活性的相互协调使得该地区糖碱比、氮碱比都优于高、低海拔地区。【结论】海拔高度影响着乌蒙烟区烤烟碳氮代谢的水平;与乌蒙烟�【Objectives】Carbon and nitrogen metabolism is affected by the activities of various enzymes,their variations directly or indirectly affect the contents and proportions of various chemical constituents of tobacco,impacting the quality of tobacco. In this paper,tobacco cultivar ＂Yunyan 97 ＂was used as materials,and the activity differences of some enzymes affected by the growing altitudes were investigated to provide references for high quality tobacco cultivation in Wumeng hilly area,Yunnan Province. 【Methods 】 Tobacco leaf samples were collected in different growing stages. The conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed.The cell ultra structure was observed using transmission electronic microscope,the activity of nitrate reductase was measured using sulfa colorimetric method,and the activities of amylase and invertase by 3,5- dinitrosalicylic-acidmethod,the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase using conventional methods. 【Results】The sugar contents is higher,the nicotine and total nitrogen contents are at a reasonable level,and the chemical components＇ coordination is satisfactory in the Wumeng hilly areas. The ratio of sugar to nicotine and that of total nitrogen to nicotine in the middle altitude areas are higher than in the high and low altitudes. At the 60 th day of the transplanting,the number and size of starch particles in the leaves are significantly different among tobaccos in different altitudes. The volume and number increase of the starch particles in the middle altitude areas are significantly higher than in the high and low altitudes at the same stage. From 30 to 50 d after transplanting,the activity of invertase in the middle altitude areas is greater than in the high altitude areas,while those of sucrose synthase and amylase in the middle altitude areas are less than in the high altitude areas. Around 70 d after the transplanting,the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase in the middle altitude areas is highest and that of sucros

关 键 词：乌蒙烟区 烤烟 海拔 碳氮代谢 酶活性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]